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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of an STI?
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infection or syndrome that is PRIMARILY transmitted by sexual intercource
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What is primary prevention of STIs?
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Preventing the infection from occurring
-encouraging abstinence or safe sex -talking about risky behaviors |
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What is secondary prevention of STIs?
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Timely dx and tx
-education about dx and tx -Must also tx the partner |
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What is the most common BACTERIAL STI in the US?
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Chlamydia
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What are the symptoms of chlamydia? for men?
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Rarely symptomatic but may have
-mucopurulent discharge -postcoital bleeding -dysuria -Men often have a drainage or painful testes |
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What group is affected the most by chlamydia?
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Under 25 yrs old and MSM
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When do SxS of chlamydia appear?
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1-3 weeks after exposure
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What is the first line tx for chlamydia?>
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Azithromycin
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What are the common complications of chlamydia?
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-Pelvic inflammatory disease PID
-fallopian tube infection -chronic pelvic pain -INFERTILITY -ectopic pregnancy |
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15% of all people with untreated chlamydia will get _____?
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Pelvic inflammatory diease
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Which 2 STIs are seen together most often?
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Gonorrhea and Chlamydia
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Who is most at risk for gonorrhea?
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Young adults and african americans
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What type of environment does gonorrhea prefer?
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warm moist environment!
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Other than the reproductive tract, where else can gonorrhea affect?
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Throat, eyes, mouth, nose and anus
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What are the symptoms of gonorrhea?
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Rarely symptomatic but can have
-purulent discharge (green) -dyspareunia -pain -dysuria -painful swollen testicles -Bartholin's abcess: pus pocket that is hard to treat |
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Do men need to ejaculate to transmit gonorrhea>
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No, just need contact
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What is the Tx for gonorrhea?
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Ceftriaxone injection
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What disease is a complication from un tx'd GC/CT?
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PID
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What is the MINIMUM CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSIS for PID?
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Must have all 3!
1. Lower abdominal pain 2. bilateral adnexal tenderness 3. CERVICAL MOTION tenderness (knee jerk reaction when you move the cervix) |
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Other than untxd'd GC/CT, what else has been attributed to PID?
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excessive douching which disrupts the normal flora
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Who is most at risk for PID?
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-Young age <25
-multiple partners -high rate of new partners -h/o STD's -IUD use |
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What is the primary stage of syphilis?
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10-90 days after infection and can last 3-6 weeks
-Chancre and inguinal lymphadenopathy |
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What is a chancre?
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single, small painless sore
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How many stages are there of syphilis?
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4
-Primary -Latent -Secondary -Tertiary |
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What is syphilis known as and why
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the great imitator
-because it SxS are similar to many different disease |
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What SxS occur in the second stage of syphilis?
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-Palmar and plantar rash
-condyloma lata (rash) not itchy (red --> brown spots) mucus membrane lesions -general malaise, fever, headache |
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Syphilis allows for easier contraction of ____ because of the presence of the Chancre.
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HIV
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What effects are seen in the tertiary stage of syphilis?
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-neurologic
-CV -musculoskeletal -multiorgan system complications |
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What are the screening and Dx methods for syphilis?
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-nontreponemal antibody tsts
-BDRL and RPR (screening only) -Treponemal test FTA-ABS (diagnostic) positive within 7 days of exposure |
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What is the Tx for syphilis?
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penecilin
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What is the most common VIRAL STI?
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HPV
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HPV is the virus that causes _____ ______?
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genital warts
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Genital warts (ARE/ARE NOT) linked to cervical cancer?
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are not!
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What is the Tx for genital warts?
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NO Tx
-they can be frozen off it they get uncomfortable |
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What change in 2010 was added to gardisil?
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Men are now approved for the vaccine
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What is the management for HPV?
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-There is NO CURE
-Episodic therapy by topical podofilox |
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What are the comfort measures for HPV?
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-Oatmeal bath
-cotton underwear -loose fitting clothing |
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Which STI is associated with painful, recurrent ulcers?
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Herpes Simplex Virus
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What is the Tx for HSV?
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Pharmacological:
Acyclovir, famcyclovir, valcyclovir Comfort measures: -Keep lesions dry -cotton underwear -loose fitting clothing -oatmeal baths |
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What are the 3 routes of transmission for HIV?
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-Sexual
-Parenteral -Perinatal |
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Which group is most at risk for HIV? who is the 2nd?
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1. MSM
2. High-risk heterosexual contact |
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Which female adults and adolescents are most at risk for HIV?
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Those that engage in high risk sexual contact
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When a woman is dx and HIV+, what happens immediately onsite?
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COunseling and referral for appropriate case management behavioral, psychosocial, and medical implications
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If an HIV+ woman uses proper antiretroviral Tx, what is the likelihood of transmitting the virus to the fetus?
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less than 2%
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What must an HIV+ mother refrain from postpartum?
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breastfeeding (US only)
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What are the SxS of Trichomoniasis?
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may be asymptomatic or
-Yellow-green, FROTHY, malodorous dc -inflammation of the vulva and vagina -irritation and pruitis -dysuria and dyspareunia |
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What does the cervix appear like with Trich?
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Strawberry cervix
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How do you Dx and Tx Trich?
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Dx: Wet saline prep with trichomonads
Tx: with systemic metronidazole |
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What is the most common type of vaginitis?
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Bacterial vaginitis
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What are the major SxS of BV?
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-difuse, milky, thin, white -->gray discharge that smells FISHY
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How do you Dx and Tx BV? What is the most common cause of BV?
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Dx: wet mount and look for clue cells
Tx: metronidazole Cause: douching |
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What are the SxS of candidiasis?
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A lot of itching, cottage cheese like drainage (thick and sticky)
vulva is red and swollen and has a musty odor |
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How do you treat a yeast infection?
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topical antifungal or oral diflucan
-provide comfort measure and hygiene |
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In preparing the wet mount, what type of liquid solution is used for BV and yeast?
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BV use saline solution
yeast use KOH |
