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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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way to access typical classroom technology (prek-12)
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1. one or more standalone computers
2. computer learning centers where a single computer is available for students to visit in collaborative groups 3. a computer workstation consisting of several computers connected to a scanner and printer 4. a centrally located school computer lab consisting of 25-30 single networked computers 5. mobile technology options available for checkout |
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mobil technology options
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1. mobil labs
2. mobil workstations (COW- computers on wheels) |
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computer systems (definition)
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refers to the computer and other support devices (called peripheral devices) that work as a term to
1. recieve info (data) as the user inputs it 2. process that information per the directions that the users define, 3. output the information in a usable format |
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Central processing unit (cpu)
*processor |
-the processing of info takes place here.
-located inside the computer body in the form of computer chips -composed of three units that work together: 1. control unit 2. arithmetic logic until (ALU) 3. memory unit |
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Control Unit
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retrieves the instructions and sends command signals to the rest of hte computer system to them what to do
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Arithmetic Logic Unit
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the sector of teh CPU that performs the mathematical calculations that are required in many data processing programs
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Memory Unit
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-allows storage of information
- internal to the computer -divided into two types of memory 1. random access memory (RAM) 2. read-only memory (ROM) |
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Random Access Memory
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-temporary memory
- holds new data - available only while the computer is turned on - info that RAM holds is lost when the computer crashes or turns off -save to hard disk or memory drive - determines the # of software programs that the computer can run at the same time |
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Read-Only Memory
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-permanent internal istructions that are installed or programmed at the manufacturer
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Binary Coding System (ASCII)
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American Stnading Code for Information Interchange
-made up of 0's and 1's |
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Bit
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-binary character (0's or 1's)
-smallest unit of binary information |
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Byte
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- 8 bites
-can represent the alphabetoc or numeric character of information -each letter of the alphabet is represented by 0's and 1's |
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The measurements in the amount of information that it can hold (computer memory)
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-Kilobytes
-Megabytes -Gigabytes |
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Processor Speed
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expressed in megahertz (MHz)
which = 1 million cycles per second or gigahertz (GHz) which = one billion cycles oer second |
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Peripheral devices
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1. input information
2. output the information into a form that is easy read by the user 3. store the information for later use |
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Input Devices
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allow the input of data into the computer
(i.e. keyboards, mice, scanners, graphic tablets, microphones, digital cameras, pentechnology, etc) |
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Keyboards and Mice
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-most familar input devices
-similar to typewritters with letters of the alphabet and numbers 0-9 along with additional keys -touch pad and trackballs, wireless and cordless mouce |
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Scanner
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-an input device that is connected to the computer through a port connection
- allows the conversion of a printed page of text or graphics to digital format -flatbed or sheet-fed |
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Optional Character Recognition (OCR) software
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-converts text
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Graphic tablet
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-connected to the computer through a port connection
-draw on the electronic tablet with a stylus to transfer the image to the computer |
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Stylus
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a pen-shaped tool that is designed to press on teh tablet surface with no resulting damage
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Digital Cameras
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-cameras that are capable of inputting data into a computer, instead of film
-common tools in teaching and learning across teh same parts -immediate access to pictuers -ability to delete pictures you dont like -transfer using floppy disks, memory cards, and memory sticks |
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Microphone
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-built in or external
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External Microphones
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connects to teh connective port on the back of the computer adn the port is connected to a sound card
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Pen Input Device or Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
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small portable tools that allow teh user to input hadwritten notes on small screen using a special pen or tiny keyboard
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Tablet Computers
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complete computer systems in a slate format
-2 formats: 1. a slate design with out a keyboard 2. traditional laptop that converts to a slate (stylus or digital pen) |
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Electronic Whiteboards
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serve as a traditional blackboard but offer outstanding functionality, such as a dry-erase and active or interactive whiteboards
-sensitive screeen captures everything on teh surface -can later be transfered to a computer and printed -students no longer need to take notes...just listen adn then have them emailed or downloaded later |
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Classroom response systems ("clickers")
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wirelessly allow students to respond to questions and relays, then put the answers into the teachers labtop to produce a histogram of answers
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Monitors (screens or displays)
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most common output device
-display info on teh screen -varying sizes, viewable areas, and resolutions - use Cathode ray tube (CRT) -Liquid crystal display (LCD) |
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Monitor size
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measured diagonally from the corner to corner
-CRT screen is measured including the casuing surrounding the screen -LCD is measured inside teh casing |
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Resolution
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defines the clarity of the image that is seen on the computer screen
-measured in pixels |
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Pixel
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single colired square on the screen
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Printer
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outputs data after it has been processed in what is call a hard copy (readable, permanant copy)
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Ink Jet Printers
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produce characters by squirting minute amounts of ink on the page
-use cartridges and can print in black and color |
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Laser Printers
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produce the highest quality
-affix the toner to the surface of the paper using a laser beam |
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Transparencies
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thin sheets of transparent plastic, for the use of overhead projectors
-can only withstand laser printers |
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Speakers
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built into the computer or monitor
-others are external to the computer -must be plugged into ports at the back of the computer |
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Data Projection Units
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combine liquid crystal display (LCD) unit with a light source
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Lumens
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what the brightness of the projector is measured in
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Document Cameras
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equipped to Data Projection Units
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Hard Disk Drive
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holds large amoutns of information adn is significant in teh purchasing decision of a new computer system
-internal storage -hold data on a circular disks called platters -cary in memory size -referred to as teh C drive on windows -referred to HD on Mac Systems |
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Floppy Disks
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-external storage
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Zip Disks
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-similar to floppy disks
-much larger storage capacity -graphics or videos |
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Compact Disc
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CD-ROMs, CD-R, CD-RW
-look the same with different qualities |
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CD-ROM
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-read only memory
-removable -cannot add new information (readable only) |
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CD-R
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-recordable
-allows user to record data once for storage purposes -cannot be edited |
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CD-RW
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-rewriteable
-allows the recording of data but also allows the user to edit the information after disc creation |
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DVD-ROM
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read-only memory
-stores data on both sides of the disc |
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USB mini-drives
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pen, flash, or jump drives
-flexibility in mobil storage devices |
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Port
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an opening that you can connect external sources to
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Graphic User Interferface (GUI)
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these computers have menus and icons that represent commands adn programs
-makes point and click navigation with a mouse easy |
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Application Software
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-carry out specific functions
*word processing * creation of database and spreadsheets |
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Instructional Software
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presents contentin tutorial, simulation, instructional game, problem solving and drill and practice forms
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Freeware
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free to the user
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Shareware
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is not free but has minimal charge
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Screen Magnifier
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students who need low-level magnification to see teh screen use this
-fit over the computer monitor adn magnify the images that appear on the screen |
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Anti-glare filters
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are clear screens that fit over a computer monitor to reduce glare from overhead lights and large windows
-improve contrast on the monitor -reduce screen flicker -for students sensitive to bright light or work in areas of glare |
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Monitor mounts
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allow placement of teh minitor in the mist easily seen position.
-useful for students of different heights or in a prone or other nonstandard position |
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refreshable Braille display
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when a speech output is either impractical or undesirable they use an alternative hardware device
-lifts pinpoints under a membrane to present a line of text from teh screen in a Braille format |
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Arm adn Wrist Supports
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stabilize teh placement of the arms,wrists, and hands
-avoid pain and fatigue when using the keyboard or mouse |
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Alternate Keyboards
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offer input options in size, layout, and complexity
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Two types of Alternate Keyboards found in schools
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1. programmable keyboards can be customized so that letters,numbers,words, or phrases can be entered by pressing keys, which can be larger, smaller, or designated with words or puctures
2. miniature keyboards are smaller than standard and are lightweight. they allow someone with limited range of motion to access all the keys |
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Keyguards
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hard plastic covers with holes for each key
-prevent someone with unsteady finger or someone who using a pointing device from striking unwanted keys |
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Moisture Guards
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thin sheets of plastic that protect keyboards from spills and any unwanted liquids
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Alternative labels
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taped or glued to tops of frequently used keys on teh standard keyboard
-can be different color to add visual clarity -have raised letters to prived tactile feedback to someone using the keys |
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Pointiing or Typing Aid
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an adjustable wand or stick used to strike keys
-attached to head -held in mouth -attached to the chin -held in teh hand |
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Touch Screens
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allow direct selection or operation by touching teh screen
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Switches
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alternative to the keyboard
-activated by one or two movements (pulling,squeezing, sipping, puffing, blinking, or pressing) -used with software programs that employ onscreen scanning |
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Electronic pointing devices
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allow the user to control the cursor using ultrasound, an infared beam, eye movements, nerve signals, or even brain waves
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Two mouse alternativess
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1. Joysticks
2. Trackballs |
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Joysticks
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common mouse alternative
-they are similar to what other students would use to control computer games |
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Trackball
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looks like an upside down mouse
-moveable ball on top of stationary base -ball can be rotated with a pointing device, finger, thumb, hand, or foot |
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Translator and Embosser
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a braille translator is a software product that converts text
-either obtained by scanning or produced by a word processor into braille |
