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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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probability
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# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes
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What are the requirements for a random sample?
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Each individual has to have an equal chance of being selected; independent random sampling
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inferential statistics
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looking for noticeable difference
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sampling distribution
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all possible sample means
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sampling error
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natural discrepancy between a sample statistic and population parameter
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expected value of M
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µ
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σM
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standard error of M-how much error between M and µ
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sample size
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as n increases σM decreases
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how do you calculate standard error of M?
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σ/√n or
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hypothesis test
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statistical method that uses sample data to evaluate a hypothesis about a population
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type 1 error
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reject null hypothesis that is actually true
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type II error
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failure to reject null that is really false
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What effects the size of the mean difference?
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numerator of the z-score; larger difference=increased likelihood of treatment effect
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What effects the variability of he scores?
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standard error, the number of scores in the sample
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Increased variability
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= deceased likelihood of treatment effect
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Increased number of scores
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= increased likelihood of treatment effect
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What is the effect size?
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measurement of the absolute magnitude of a treatment effect
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statistical power
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probability of correctly rejecting a false H0 or fail to reject H0
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What is a t-statistic?
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test hypothesis about an unknown population when σ is unknown
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DF
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number of scores in a sample that are independent
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What are the factors that influence the t statistic?
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sample size (increasing scores=increased likelihood if treatment effect, sample variance (large variance=decreased likelihood of treatment effect).
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independent measures
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two sets of data from two different groups, representative sample
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Hartley F-Max Test
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tests for homogeneity of variance
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repeated measures
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single sample measured more than once, compare across conditions
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matched subject design
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1 subject matched to another on important characteristics: age, gender, IQ
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What term is used to identify the mean of the distribution of sample means?
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the expected value of M
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Under what circumstance will the distribution of sample means be normal?
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If the population is normal or if the sample size is greater than 30
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The Central Limit Theorem
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the standard error for a sample mean becomes smaller, approaching zero, and the sample size approaches infinity.
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Describe a hypothesis test
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an inferential technique that uses data from a sample to draw inferences about a population
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Under what circumstances can a very small treatment effect still be signifcant?
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if the sample size is very large.
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What is the difference between a t statistic and a z-score?
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The t statistic uses the sample variance in place of the population variance
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What is measured by the estimated standard error?
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the average distance between a sample mean and the population mean
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