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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Data |
Info coming from observations, counts, measurements, or responses. |
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Statistics |
The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data in order to make decisions. |
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Population |
The collection of all outcomes, responses, measurements, or counts that are of interest. |
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Sample |
A subset, or part, of a population. |
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Parameter |
A numerical description of a population characteristic. |
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Statistic |
A numerical description of a sample characteristic. |
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Descriptive Statistics |
The branch of stats that involves the organization, summarization, and display of data. |
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Inferential Statistic |
The branch of stats that involves using a sample to draw conclusions about a population. |
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Qualitative Data |
Consist of attributes, labels, or numerical entries. |
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Quantitative Data |
Consist of numerical measurements or counts. |
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Nominal Level of Measurement |
Data at this level is categorized using names, labels, or qualities. No mathematical computations can be made at this level. |
Qualitative Only |
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Ordinal Level of Measurement |
Data at this level can be arranged in order, or ranked, but differences between data entries are not meaningful. |
Are Qualitative and Quantitative |
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Interval Level of Measurement |
Can be ordered, and meaningful differences between data entires can be calculated. At the interval level, a zero entry sample represents a position on a scale; the entry is not an inharent zero. |
arbitrary zero, manmade |
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Ratio Level of Measurement |
Is similar to data at the interval level, with the added property that a zero entry is an inharent zero. A ratio of two data entries can be formed so that one data entry can be meaningfully expressed as a multiple of another. |
inharent zero, not manmade |
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Observational Study |
a researcher does not influence the response. |
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Experiment
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A researcher deliberately applies a treatment before observing the response. |
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Control Group |
A group that no treatment is applied to. |
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Placebo |
Harmless, fake treament, that is made to look real. |
Jackie's boobs |
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Simulation |
The use a mathematical or physical model to reproduce the conditions of a situation or process. |
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Survey |
An investigation of one or more chatacterisitics of a population. |
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Confounding Variable |
Occurs when an experimenter cannot tell the difference between the effects of different factors on the variable. |
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Placebo Effect |
Occurs when a subject reacts favorably to a placebo when in fact the subject has been given a fake treatment. |
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Blinding |
A technique where the subjects do not know whether they are receiving a treament or a placebo. |
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Double-Blind Experiment |
Neither the experimenter nor the subjects know if the subjects are receiving a treatment or a placebo. |
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Census |
A count or measure of an entire population. |
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Sampling |
A count or measure of part of a population, and is more commonly used in statistical studies. |
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Sampling Errors |
The difference between the results of a sample and those of the population. |
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Random Sample |
One in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. |
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Simple Random Sample |
Every possible sample of the same size has the same chance of being selected. |
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Stratified Sample |
When it is important for the sample to have members from each segment of the population. |
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Cluster Sample |
The population falls into naturally occuring subgroups, each having similar characteristics. |
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Systematic Sample |
A sample in which each member of the population is assigned a number. |
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Convenience Sample |
A type of sample that often leads to biased studies. Sample only consists only of members of the population that are easy to get. |
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