• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/32

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
standard score
A transformed score that relates a raw score to a mean and standard deviation of the distribution from which it comes.
percentile rank
The percentage of cases that lie below a given score; each score in a frequency distribution has an associated percentile rank
normal curve equivalent
A way of measuring where a student falls along the normal curve. The numbers on the NCE line run from 1 to 99, which indicate an individual student's rank, or how many students out of a hundred had a lower score
stanine
A type of scaled score used in many norm-referenced standardized tests. There are nine stanine units (the term is short for "standard nine-point scale"), ranging from 9 to 1. Typically, stanine scores are interpreted as above average (9, 8, 7), average (6, 5, 4), and below average (3, 2, 1).
deviation IQ
modern, statistical conception of IQ, introduced by Wechsler. IQ is a normally distributed variable with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15 (usually). By definition, an IQ of 100 is average, approximately 68 percent of IQ scores fall between 85 and 115, approximately 95 percent fall between 70 and 130
T-Score
Type of standard score based on a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Used for many personality assessments (ie MMPI)
Z-Score
The numner of standard deviations above or below the mean of a particular value. Most common kind of standard score. Indicates whether the raw score is above the mean (z is positive) or below it(z is negative)
grade equivalent score
score reported on norm-referenced tests that allows one to compare students based on the performance of other students relative to the school year. The score is an estimate of the performance that an average student at a grade level is assumed to demonstrate on the test at a particular time in the school year.
mean
Average of all values
median
Score in the middle when all scores are arranged in numerical order
mode
Score that occurs the most frequency
range
Distance between the highest and lowest scores
variance
How much variability there is in an entire distribution of scores
standard deviation
Measures the spread of a set of data around the mean of the data. In a normal distribution, approximately 68 percent of scores fall within plus or minus one standard deviation of the mean, and 95 percent fall within plus or minus two standard deviations of the mean.
normal distribution
Theoretical frequency distribution that is bell shaped and symmetrical. In a perfect normal distribution, the mean, median, and mode are all equal.
dependent variable
behavior measured as the outcome of an experiment
independent variable
the factor of interest to the researcher, it can be diretly manipulated by the experimenter or participants can be selected by vitrue of their possessing certain attributes
true experimental design
use both a control group and and experimental group as a means to measure the change that occurs in both groups. Attempt to control for all confounding variables while attempting to determine if the treatment is what truly caused the change.
quasi experimental design
occurs whenever causal conclusions about the effect of an independent variable cannot be drawn because there is incomplete control over the variables in the study
between subjects design
any experimental design in which different groups of participants serve in different conditions of the study
within subjects design
(repeated measures design)
experimental design in which the same partcipants serve in each of the different conditions of the study
random sampling
a probability sample in which each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected as a member of the sample.
stratified sampling
a probability sample that is ramdom with the restriction that important subjects are proportionally represented in the sample
cluster sampling
a probability sample that randomly selects clusters of people having some feature in common and tests all people within the selected cluster
convenience sampling
a nonprobability sample in which the researcher requests volunteers from a group of people who meet the general requirements of the study
nominal scale
scale in which the numbers have no quantitative value, but serve as categories ie brush teeth at night vs morning
ordinal scale
scale in which assigned numbers stand for ranking ie class rank
interval scale
scale in which numbers refer to quantities and intervals are assumed to be equal; a score of zero doesn't mean that nothing is being measured
ie IQ
ratio scale
scale in which number refer to quantities and intervals are assumed to be of equal size; a score of zero means that the thing being measured is not present ie height, weight, time
effect size
the amount of influence one variable has on another; ther amount of variance in the dependent variable that can be attributed to the independent variable
.2 = a small e.s.
.5 = a medium e.s.
.8 = a large e.s.
Positively skewed distribution
Distribution of scores in which the tail is on the right side of the distribution with relatively few high scores Mode->Median->Mean
Negatively skewed distribution
distribution with its tail on the left side of the distribution reflecting many high scores mean->median->mode