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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Element |
Object (datum) within a data set |
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Variable |
A characteristic/property of an element; may take any value within a data set |
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Random Variable |
Value is determined by a chance |
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Quantitative Variable |
can be enumerated |
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Qualitative Variable |
descriptive; eg gender, categorized, color, origin. |
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Data Set |
a collection of values; each value is a "datum" or "data value" |
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Population |
all subjects under study e.g.persons, scores |
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Parameter |
a measurement of some characteristic of the population |
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Census |
Collection of data from every section of the population |
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Sample |
a group/sub-collection/subset selected from a population |
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Statistic |
a measurement of a characteristic of a sample |
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Descriptive Statistic |
collection/organization/presentation of data |
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Inferential Statistics |
generalizes samples; performs estimation, tests hypotheses, establishes relations between variables-makes predictions |
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Nominal level |
consist of names, labels, categories; cannot be ranked/ordered;categories are mutually exclusive |
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Ordinal level |
can be ordered/ranked;differences between values are either meaningless or indeterminable |
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Interval level |
can be ranked/ordered; differences are meaningful; a "zero" value is either meaningless or does not exist |
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Ratio level |
similar to interval; true zero does exist; ratios between values is meaningful |
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Simple Random Sample |
n-subjects are selected so that every sample of size n has the same chance of being selected |
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Stratified Sampling |
sub-clive population into 2 groups (strata) draw a sample from each stratum |
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Systematic Sampling |
select a starting point select a starting point select every "nth" subject |
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Cluster Sampling |
divide population into sections (clusters); randomly select a few clusters; choose every subject in each selected cluster |
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Convenience Sampling |
use results readily available |
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Sampling error |
due to chance sample fluctuations |
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Non-sampling |
due to incorrect data |
