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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Statistics |
The science of collecting, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data, as well as making decisions based on such analyses. |
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Descriptive Statistics |
Methods for organizing, displaying, and describing data by using tables, graphs, and summary measures. |
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Inferential statistics |
Consists of methods that use sample results to help make decisions or predictions about a population. |
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Population |
Consists of all elements- individuals, items, or objects - whose characteristics are being studied. |
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Sample |
A portion of the population selected for study. |
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Element or Member |
Specific subject or object (for example, a person, firm, item, state or country) about which the information is collected. |
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Variable |
A characteristic under study that assumes different values for different elements. |
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Constant |
Contrasts variable, value is fixed. |
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Observation or measurement |
The value of a variable |
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Data set |
A collection of observations on one or more variables. |
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Quantitative Variable |
A variable that can be measured numerically. |
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Data |
The data collected on a quantitative variable. |
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Discrete Variable |
A variable whose values are countable. In other words, a discrete Variable can assume only certain values with no intermediate values. (Can be counted) |
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Continuous variable |
A variable that an assume any numerical value over a certain interval or intervals. ( Can be measured, including money. Fractions) |
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Qualitative or categorical variable |
A variable that cannot assume a numerical value but can be classified into two or more nonnumeric categories. |
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Quantitative data |
Data collected on quantitative or categorical variable. |
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Cross-section data |
Data collected on different elements at the same point in time or for the same period of time. |
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Time-series data |
Data collected on the same element for the same variable at different points in time or for different periods of time. |
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Population |
Consists of all elements- individuals, items, or objects - whose characteristics are being studied. |
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Target population |
A portion of the population selected for study. |
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Census |
A survey that includes every member of the population. |
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Sample survey |
The technique of collecting information from a portion of the population. |
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Representative sample |
A sample that represents the characteristics of the population as closely as possible. |
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Random sample |
A sample drawn in such a way that each element of the population has a chance of being selected. |
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Treatment |
A condition (or a set of conditions) that is imposed on a group of elements by the experimenter. |
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Randomization |
The procedure in which elements are assigned to different groups at random. |
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Designed experiment |
When the experimenter controls the (random) assignment of elements to different treatment groups. |
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Observational study |
The assignment of elements to different treatment is voluntary, and the experimenter simply observes the results of the study. |
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Treatment group |
The group of elements that receives the treatment. |
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Control group |
The group of elements that does not receive treatment. |
