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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Descriptive Statistics
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methods to organize, display, and describe data
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Inferential Statistics
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methods to "infer" conclusions from a sample to the population
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Population
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consists of all subjects that are being studied
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Sample
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a group of subjects selected from a population
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how is biased created?
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-when the sample does not closely represent the population
-if the process of selection was biased |
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Quantitative Descrete Numbers
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must be whole numbers they are something you can count
ex. tvs in your house, eggs in a bowl, etc. |
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Quantitative Continuous Numbers
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you take measurements, you do not count them
ex. age, height, temp, weight, grades |
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Qualitative Numbers
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numbers can be characters or identification that you don't measure they describe an object
ex. month of birth, house number, college attended |
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Nominal
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sort things into categories
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Ordinal
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categories where there is some hierarchy/ranking with in the category
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Interval
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does not have a true zero
ex. temp (intervals are equal) |
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Ratio
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has a true zero
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Random Sampling
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everyone in the pop. has the same probability to be selected
> without replacement - not random > with replacement - random & removes bias |
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Stratefied Sampling
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divide pop. into strata and then sample from each of those strata
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Systematic Sampling
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go to a mall and ask every few people or pick in a phone book --> not very random there is almost always some bias in it
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Cluster Sampling
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unit of sampling if not the individual it is the class or selected group --> there can be some biased based on the selection of groups
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Observational Research
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descriptive
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Experimental
Independent Variable |
if you get good stuff or placebo
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Dependent Variable
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measure of arthritis
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Confounding Variable
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people know what they are taking
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Class Limits
ex. 0-5 |
0-5.5
the highest and the lowest amount |
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Class Boundries
ex. 6-11 |
[5.5<-- 6 - 11 -->11.5]
you add on .5 to the highest amount and subtract .5 from the lowest |
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Class Width
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should be equal & non-overlapping
ex. 6 minutes wide 0-5 |
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Class Midpoint
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determined by boundaries or width add 2 points and divide by 2
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