Statistics And Research Design

Front 1

The first step in selecting an inferential statistical test is ________. The second step is considering ________.

Back 1

considering the scale of measurement to be analyzed.

the design of the study.

Front 2

________ tests are designed to evaluate hypotheses about population means and require interval or ratio data. ________ tests are used to evaluate hypotheses about the shape of a distribution based on nominal or ordinal data.

Back 2

Parametric

Nonparametric

Front 3

An investigator will choose to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis depending on whether the test statistic (t, F, etc.) equals or exceeds the ________.

Back 3

critical value

Front 4

________ determines the shape of distribution and, along with alpha, determines the magnitude of the critical value.

Back 4

degrees of freedom

Front 5

The ________ is used to analyze the frequency of observations in each category/level of a nominal variable. The results of this statistical technique indicate if the sample distribution is ________.

Back 5

chi-square test

equivalent to the distribution of expected frequencies, which are predicted by the null hypothesis (i.e., no difference between categories).

Front 6

The appropriate chi-square test to use when a study has more than one variable and the data to be analyzed are the number of observations in each category of each variable is the ________. The appropriate chi-square test to use when a study has one variable and the data to be analyzed are the number of observations in each category of that variable is the ________.

Back 6

multiple-sample chi-square test

single-sample chi-square test

Front 7

the test statistic for the chi-square test is ________.

Back 7

χ2 (chi^2)

Front 8

Another name for the single-sample chi-square test is ________.

Back 8

"goodness-of-fit test"

Front 9

The degrees of freedom formula for a single-sample chi-square test is ________. The degrees of freedom formula for a single-sample chi-square test is ________.

Back 9

(C - 1) {where C = # of "columns," or levels of the variable}

(C - 1)(R - 1) {Where C = number of columns" and R = # of "rows"}

Front 10

The appropriate statistical test for a study that includes two independent groups and data on the DV are reported in terms of ranks is the ________. The test statistic symbol is ________.

Back 10

Mann-Whitney U Test

test statistic = U

Front 11

The ________ is the appropriate statistical test to use when a study includes two correlated/matched groups and the differences between the DV scores of subjects who have been matched in pairs are converted to ranks. The test statistic is ________.

Back 11

Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks Test

test statistic = T

Front 12

The ________ is used when a study includes two or more independent groups and the data on the DV are reported in terms of ranks. The test statistic is ________.

Back 12

Kruskal-Wallis test

test statistic = H

Front 13

nonparametric test : parametric test

Mann-Whitney U test : ________

Back 13

t-test for independent samples

Front 14

nonparametric test : parametric test

Wilcoxon matched-pairs test : ________

Back 14

t-test for correlated samples

Front 15

nonparametric test : parametric test

Kruskal-Wallis test : ________

Back 15

one-way ANOVA

Front 16

The ________ is used to evaluate hypotheses about the differences between two means of data measured on an interval or ratio scale. The test statistic is ________. There are three forms:
________
________
________

Back 16

Student's t-test

test-statistic: t

1. t-test for a single sample
2. t-test for independent (unrelated) samples
3. t-test for correlated (related) samples

Front 17

Name the appropriate t-test given the following information:
- study has 1 IV (two correlated groups) and 1 DV of interval or ratio data
- df = (N - 1) {N = # of pairs of scores}

Back 17

t-test for correlated samples
or,
t-test for related samples

Front 18

Name the appropriate t-test given the following information:
study has 1 IV (a single group) and 1 DV of interval or ratio data
df = (N - 1) {N = # of subjects}

Back 18

t-test for a single sample

Front 19

Name the appropriate t-test given the following information:
- study has 1 IV (two independent groups) and 1 DV of interval or ratio data
- df = (N - 2) {N = total # of subjects}

Back 19

t-test for independent samples
or,
t-test for unrelated samples

Front 20

A study that included more than two levels of an IV wold require multiple t-tests. The problem with using multiple t-tests in this situation is ________.

Back 20

the increased probability of making a Type I error.

Front 21

The _____ is used to compare two or more means that are measured on an interval or ratio scale. The test statistic is _____.

Back 21

analysis of variance (ANOVA)

test statistic = F

Front 22

Determine the appropriate statistical technique given the following information:
- A study contains 1 IV with two or more independent groups and 1 DV measured on an interval or ratio scale.

Back 22

one-way ANOVA

Front 23

Determine the appropriate statistical technique given the following information:
- A study contains 2 IVs, each with two or more independent groups, and 1 DV measured on an interval or ratio scale.

Back 23

factorial ANOVA
or,
two-way ANOVA

Front 24

Determine the appropriate statistical technique given the following information:
- A study contains 3 IVs, each with two or more independent groups, and 1 DV measured on an interval or ratio scale.

Back 24

factorial ANOVA
or,
three-way ANOVA

Front 25

The test statistic produced by the analysis of variance is the ______. This test statistic is calculated by dividing:

_______ ÷ _______

Back 25

F-ratio

MSB (mean square between) ÷ MSW (mean square within)

Front 26

MSB = _______

MSW = _______

Back 26

MSB = mean square between = a measure of the variability between treatment groups = a measure of variability due to both the effect of treatment and error

MSW = mean square within = a measure of variability within treatment group = a measure of of variability due to error only

Front 27

Other forms of the ANOVA:
What ANOVA is used when "blocking" has been used to control an extraneous variable (i.e., treating the extraneous variable as an IV)?

Back 27

randomized block factorial ANOVA

Front 28

Other forms of the ANOVA:
What ANOVA is used when the investigator seeks to control an extraneous variable by statistically removing the portion of variability in the DV that is due to the extraneous variable?

Back 28

analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)

Front 29

Other forms of the ANOVA:
What ANOVA is used when a study uses a within-subjects design in which the the different levels of the IV are sequentially administered to each subject?

Back 29

repeated measures ANOVA

Front 30

Other forms of the ANOVA:
What ANOVA is used when a study uses a mixed design in which at least one IV is a between-groups variable and one IV is a within-subjects variable?

Back 30

mixed ANOVA
or,
split-plot ANOVA

Front 31

What statistical technique is used when a study involves one or more quantitative IVs, and the researcher wants to evaluate the shape or form of the relationship between the IVs and DVs?

Back 31

trend analysis

Front 32

Determine the appropriate statistical technique given the following information:
A study includes 1 or more IVs and 2 or more DVs that are each measured on an interval or ratio scale?

Back 32

multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)

Front 33

One way to determine the practical or clinical significance of a study that has reached statistical significance is calculating its _______.

Back 33

effect size

Front 34

Identify the value of a small, medium, and large effect size for Cohen's d.

Back 34

0.2
0.5
0.8

Front 35

r square and eta square are measures of effect size that indicate the percent of variance in the _______ that is accounted for by variance in the _______.

Back 35

outcome variable

treatment