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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is chemistry? |
The study of mtter, it's properties, behaviour and it's composition |
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What is matter? |
Anything that had mass and takes up space. |
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What do we mean by behaviour |
We want to know what it will do in a specific environment |
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What are the different types of properties? |
- chemical -physical -intrinsic -extrinsic |
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What are chemical properties? |
Those properties that are irreversable |
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What are physical properties? |
Those you can observe with all the senses and is reverseable |
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What are the 3 states of matter? |
- solid -liquid - gas |
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What is a solid? |
Paricles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable |
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Liquid |
Form of matter between a gas and liquid that has a definite volume but no defintite shape |
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Gas |
State of matter consisting of particles that neither have a defined volume more defined shape. |
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We can distinguish the states of matter based on PHYSICAL PROPERTIES such as: |
-shape -volume -flow |
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Particulate their of matter |
This is the theory that particles are in constant random motion |
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Examples of particulate theory of matter |
1. Diffusion - • mixing juices • smelling fragrances 2. Osmosis - • leaving water on a shrivled vegetable • putting salt on a slug |
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What is volume |
A 3 dimensional space that an object occupies |
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Density |
The mass to volume ratio of an atom, molecule or compound |
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Melting point |
Constant temp. At which a solid changes to a liquid |
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Boiling point |
Constant temp. Range at which the liquid boils to a gas. |
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Kinetic energy |
Energy that molecules posses due to their frequency in collison |
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Potential energy |
Energy molecules posses due to their position |
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What determines if matter exists in a solid, liquid or a gas? |
The arrangement of the particles and the strength of attraction between them |
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The constant random motion of particles is known as the? |
Brownian motion |
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Who created Brownian Motion? |
British botanist Robert brown (1773-1858) |
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A substance can exist in any of the 3 states depending on conditions of |
Temperature and pressure |
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What would happen of you increase the temp. Of a substance? |
It would increase the kinetic energy which would cause the particles to move faster |
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Physical change? |
Thi occurs when the form of the substance is changed without changing it's chemical composition |
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Sublimation |
The process by which a solid changes to a gas without going through the liquid state |
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Heating curve |
This is obtained when the temperature of a solid is measured at intervals and changes to a liquid and then to a gas. And the temperature is plotted against time |
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Cooling curve |
This is obtained when the temperature of a gas is measured at intervals as it is cooled and changes state to a liquid and then to a solid, and the temperature is plotted against time. |
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Melting |
Particles vibrate more vigorously when a solid is heated. Eventually, the vibrations become too strong and the forces of attraction can no longer hold them together and the solid melts |
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Evaporation |
When a liquid is hated, the particles gain kinetic energy and move faster. Some of the particles gain enough energy to break free of the surface and they escape |
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Boiling |
At a certain temperature the liquid particles have gained enough kinetic energy and started to move fast enough to change into a gas both within the liquid and at it's surface |
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Difference between evaporation and boiling? |
• boiling occurs at a certain temperature, whereas evaporation can take place at any temperature • boiling takes place throughout the liquid whereas evaporation takes places on the surface |
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Condensation |
When the temperature of a gas is lowered the particles loose kinetic energy and begin to move more slowly. Forces of attraction are stronger causing the particles to move closer together forming a liquid |
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Freezing |
When the temperature of a liquid is lowered the particles loose energy and slow down. Forces of attraction are stronger causing the particles to move even closer forming a solid |
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Atom |
The smallest units of a chemical element or matter |
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Element |
This is made up by the same types of atoms |
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Molecule |
Is made up of two or more of the same elements chemically combined |
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Compound |
Is made up of the combination of two or more different elements chemically combined |
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Mixtures |
Composed of two or more substances which are not chemically combined |
