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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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States of Consciousness |
Occurring spontaneously- Daydreaming, drowsiness, dreaming Physiologically induced- ** |
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Wide Awake: Three varieties of normal waking consciousness |
Directed consciousness Flowing consciousness Daydreaming |
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Wide Awake- Directed Consciousness |
** |
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Normal Waking Consciousness |
Flowing consciousness -A drifting, unfocused awareness -Your awareness (attention) moved at random from attention to one stimulus to another |
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Daydreaming |
Daydreams Focused and directed thinking, like directed consciousness but these involve fantasies (and not stimuli immediately at hand) |
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The Unconscious Mind |
The concept of the 'Unconscious Mind' The notion of an unconscious mind helps to explain mental processes- that occur without conscious awarenessFor example: when you forget something and then, hours later, suddenly remember it though you had not been consciously trying to remember itThe 'unconscious mind' is a big part of the Psychoanalytic school** For example: when you forget something and then, hours later, suddenly remember it though you had not been consciously trying to remember it awarenessFor example: when you forget something and then, hours later, suddenly remember it though you had not been consciously trying to remember itThe 'unconscious mind' is a big part of the Psychoanalytic school** For example: when you forget something and then, hours later, suddenly remember it though you had not been consciously trying to remember itThe 'unconscious mind' is a big part of the Psychoanalytic school** The 'unconscious mind' is a big part of the Psychoanalytic school** |
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Sleep |
Sleeping is one of the cycles that the body does daily. These cycles are called 'circadian rhythms' (from the Latin circa 'about' and diem 'day' ) and the body typically operates on a cycle of about 24 hours** |
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Details of sleep |
Hypothalamus- tiny section of the brain that influences the glandular system. Suprachiasmatic nucleus -Deep within the hypothalamus; the internal clock that tells people when to take up and when to fall asleep ** |
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Sleeping Cycle |
We cycle through four distinct stages approximately every 90 minutes REM NREM 1 NREM 2 NREM 3 |
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Sleeping and Dreaming |
Stages of sleep Involves passing from waking state into a semi-wakeful state ** |
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NREM 1 Sleep |
The brain is slowing down from calm awake, alpha waves May experience: Hypnagogic ** |
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NREM 2 Sleep |
The brain is slowing further Sleep spindles-periodic bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain- wake activity Approximately 20 minutes (But half the night) |
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NREM 3 |
Slow wave sleep- brain emits large, slow delta waves You are hard to wake up ** |
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REM sleep (Rapid Eye Movement) |
Dream sleep Emergent sleep: the brain begins to be more active; returns to beta wave pattern of wakefulness though you are still asleep Approximately an hour after first falling asleep Motor Cortex is active but brainstem blocks messages-muscles are relaxed Heart rate rises, breathing is rapid and irregular, every half minute eyes dart around (beginning of dream) |
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Dream Sleep |
Beta-wave brain activity (like when you are wide awake) is present and REM (Rapid eye movement) activity is present
Most people generally dream more than once in a single night; virtually everyone dreams every night * |
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Sleep Cycle |
A typical sleep cycle is about 1.5 hours long so the typical person has 4 to 5 sleep cycles occurring per sleep period (if the average is 7.5 hours) The normal person may have as much as 1 to 2 hours of dreaming every night |
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Why do we sleep and dream? |
Sleep and dreaming is important to maintain normal psychological functioning Sleep deprivation studies show that going more than 40 hours without sleep begins to tell by the appearance of forgetting, irritation, poor judgement, ** |
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Extreme Sleep Deprivation |
Studies of extreme sleep deprivation have shown that at about 120 hours of sleep deprivation individuals ** |
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What important thing happens in sleep? |
Studies on sleep and REM deprivation show that it is the REM (dreaming state) of sleep that is the key reason why we sleep; sleeping without dreaming is not useful in the big picture |
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Adaptive Theory |
Theory of sleep proposing that animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active. |
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Restorative Theory |
Theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body and serves to replenish chemicals and repair cellular damage. |
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Protection |
Safe to lie asleep in the cave instead of in harm's way (falling off cliffs) |
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Recuperation |
Helps to restore and repair brain tissue- high waking metabolism creates free radicals which are toxic to neurons Can also prune weak or unused connections. |
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Current understandings are of five reasons: |
Restore and build our fading memories of the day's experiences -Consolidates our memories- strengthens and stabilizes neural memory traces Better retention of material if you sleep after training than if you continue awake |
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Feeds Creative Thinking |
** |
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Supports Growth |
Pituitary gland releases growth hormone necessary for muscle development Regular full night sleep dramatically ** |
