States Of Consciousness

Front 1

consciousness

Back 1

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Front 2

biological rhythms

Back 2

periodic physiological fluctuations

Front 3

circadian rhythm

Back 3

the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24 hour cycle

Front 4

REM sleep

Back 4

rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches)

Front 5

alpha waves

Back 5

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

Front 6

sleep

Back 6

periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation

Front 7

hallucinations

Back 7

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

Front 8

delta waves

Back 8

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

Front 9

insomnia

Back 9

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Front 10

narcolepsy

Back 10

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

Front 11

sleep apnea

Back 11

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and consequent momentary reawakening

Front 12

night terrors

Back 12

a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an apperance of being terrified; unlike nightmares they occur during stage 4 sleep, within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.

Front 13

dream

Back 13

a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. they are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it

Front 14

manifest content

Back 14

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent content)

Front 15

latent content

Back 15

according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content). Freud believed that a dream's latent content functions as a safety valve

Front 16

REM rebound

Back 16

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)

Front 17

hypnosis

Back 17

A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist ) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

Front 18

posthypnotic amnesia

Back 18

supposed inability to recall what one experienced during hypnosis; induced by the hypnotist's suggestion

Front 19

posthypnotic suggestion

Back 19

a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

Front 20

dissociation

Back 20

a split in consciousness which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

Front 21

hidden observer

Back 21

hilgard's term describing hypnotized subject's awareness of experiences, such as pain, that go unreported during hypnosis

Front 22

psychoactive drug

Back 22

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

Front 23

tolerance

Back 23

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect

Front 24

withdrawal

Back 24

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

Front 25

physical dependence

Back 25

a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued

Front 26

psychological dependence

Back 26

a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

Front 27

depressants

Back 27

drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

Front 28

stimulants

Back 28

drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines and cocaine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

Front 29

hallucinogens

Back 29

psychedelic ("mindmanifesting") drug's, such as LSD , that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

Front 30

barbiturates

Back 30

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, refusing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

Front 31

opiates

Back 31

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

Front 32

amphetamines

Back 32

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded- up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

Front 33

ecstasy

Back 33

a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer- term harm to serotonin- producing neurons and to mood and cognition

Front 34

LSD

Back 34

a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide)

Front 35

THC

Back 35

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

Front 36

near-death experience

Back 36

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

Front 37

dualism

Back 37

the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact

Front 38

monism

Back 38

the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing