(State & Local) Government

Front 1

Political Culture

Back 1

attitudes/beliefs broardly shared in a polity about the role and responsibility of a government

Front 2

Laboratories of Democracy

Back 2

states that emphasize their ability to engage in different policy experiments w/out interference from the fed. gov.

Front 3

Devolution

Back 3

process of taking power and responsibility away from the fed. gov. and giving it to the state and local govs.

Front 4

Comparative Methods

Back 4

learning approach based on studying the differences and similarities among similar units of analysis (such as state)

Front 5

Traditionalistic

Back 5

Political culture that views politics and gov. as dominated by the elites

Spend the least on Higher Education

Front 6

Individualistic

Back 6

Political culture that views politics and gov. as just another way to achieve individual goals

Front 7

Moralistic

Back 7

Political culture that views politics and gov. as the means to achieve the collective good

Front 8

States whose residents have above average incomes tend to do what with education?

Back 8

spend less on educaiton

Front 9

True or False

Most states have Pure Politics?

Back 9

False

Front 10

True or False

The physical environment of a state of local community can affect policy operations

Back 10

True

Front 11

Why differences exist in state gov and fed. gov.

(4 reasons)

Back 11

1. Socio-demographics

2.Culture and History

3. Economy

4. Geography and Topography

Front 12

Exclusive Powers

Back 12

powers those granted by the US con. solely to the fed. gov

Front 13

The 10th Amend. does what?

Back 13

recognizes the states as sovereign govs.

Front 14

Mandating states to set a 21 legal drinking age as a condition of receiving fed. hwy funds is an example of....?

Back 14

a crossover sanction

Front 15

Dual Federalism

Back 15

1790's - 1930's

layered cake

state and fed. govs. have separate responsibilities

-clearly enumerated powers between the govs. and in equal shares

Front 16

Cooperative Federalism

Back 16

1930's - mid 1960's

marble cake

impossible for state and fed. gov to have separate jurisdictions/ levels of gov. mixed

-share functions and collaborate on major national issues

Front 17

two example of Implied Powers

Back 17

The "general welfare clause" and the "necessary and proper clause"

Front 18

Central Federalism

Back 18

1964-1980

picket-fence

fed. gov. should take the leading role in setting national policy, with state and local govs. helping to implement it

-overloaded cooperation and crosscutting regulations

Front 19

Which system grants states and regional govs. the freedom to experiment and innovate with regard to public policy?

Back 19

Federal

Front 20

Under the Art. of Confederation, the national gov. lacked authority of....?

Back 20

finances, commerce, internal affairs

Front 21

A Federal system helped the Founders do....?

Back 21

disperse power

create system to accommodate diverse interest in a large nation

retain a strong measure of independence for the states

Front 22

New Federalism

Back 22

1980-2002

Fend for Yourself

states should receive more power and authority and less $ from the fed. gov

-devolution and deregulation and increased difficulty of states to fulfill their new mandates

Front 23

Concurrent Powers

Back 23

powers that both fed. and state can exercise

-right to: borrow, tax, and spend

Front 24

Enumerated Powers

Back 24

grants authority explicitly given by the Con.

Front 25

Exclusive Powers

Back 25

powers given by the Con. to the fed. gov.

--interstate Commerce (right to regulate interstate commerce)

Front 26

Federalism

Back 26

political system in which national and regional govs. share powers and are considered independent equals

Front 27

Confederacy

Back 27

power centered in regional govs.

Front 28

14th Amend.

Back 28

prohibits states from depriving ppl of the right and privileges of citizenship and requires states to provide Due Process and Equal Protection

Front 29

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Back 29

requires states to recognize each other's public records and acts as valid

ex: marriages and DL

Front 30

National Supremacy Clause

Back 30

fed. laws take precedence over all state laws

Front 31

Electoral College

Back 31

538 members

270 need to win

Front 32

Preemption

Back 32

process of fed. gov. overriding ares regulated by state law

Front 33

10th Amend.

Back 33

broad but undefined set of powers reserved for the states and people, as opposed to fed. gov

Front 34

Unitary System

Back 34

power is concentrated in a central gov.

Front 35

Direct Democracy

Back 35

means for citizens to make laws themselves, rather than relying on elected representatives

Front 36

Municipal Charters

Back 36

established operating procedures for local govs.

Front 37

In the early 1900's, many progressives thought state cons. were ....?

Back 37

behind the times

Front 38

Compared to most states, the US Con. is relatively ....?

Back 38

short and fairly nonspecific

Front 39

Natural/High Law

Back 39

a set of moral and political rules based on divine law and binding for all

Front 40

Most common way to formally amend state cons. is through...?

Back 40

legislative proposals

Front 41

Revisions to state cons. in the southern states following Reconstruction lead to what?

Back 41

greatly weakened gubernational powers

Front 42

True or False

All states require a min. age of 30 to serve as a governor?

Back 42

False

Front 43

State cons. like the US con. do what?

Back 43

set up 3 branches of gov

contain some type of bill of rights

lay out the rules and responsibilities of gov.

Front 44

The 1st state con. did what?

Back 44

limited franchise (right to vote) mostly to white men who owned property

Front 45

True or False

Vermont is the only state that does not require that its gov. balance the state's buget

Back 45

True

Front 46

Amending Cons. -Formal

(4 ways)

Back 46

legislative proposals

Ballot initiatives

Con. conventions

Con. commissions

Front 47

Amending Cons. - Informal

(3 ways)

Back 47

Court intervention - judicial review

Power shifts between branches

Neglect

Front 48

Office Group Ballot (Massachusetts Ballot)

Back 48

-list names followed by their party under the office they are seeking

-ND and MN

Front 49

Party Column Ballot (Indiana Ballot)

Back 49

-Arranges candidates for each office in a column according to their party

-NY

Front 50

Recall

Back 50

occasion for citizens to collect signatures and then vote on the ouster of an incumbent politician prior to the next regularly scheduled election

Front 51

Secret (Australian) Ballot

Back 51

ballots printed by the states that allow voters to pick and choose among different candidates and party preferences in private

Front 52

State legislators respond to public opinion how?

(3 ways)

Back 52

formal letters

phone calls

interest group memberships

Front 53

True or False

Motor Voter law significantly increased voter turnout?

Back 53

False

Front 54

True or False

There is a strong correlation between states with initiatives and states with term limits?

Back 54

True

Front 55

Obama won presidency by getting a large share of the vote from what group?

Back 55

Voters under 30

Front 56

Plural Executive System

Back 56

the governor is the dominate figure in the executive branch, but is instead more of a 1st among equals

Front 57

True or False

Due to Federal regulations, all states have the same voter registration laws?

Back 57

False

Front 58

True or False

All states have the same rules for governing the printing and counting of ballots?

Back 58

False

Front 59

Voter turnout trends to be increased by?

Back 59

Competitive elections

higher levels of education

moralistic culture

Front 60

True or False

The Sup. Court upheld state law requiring voters to produce a gov. approved ID at the polls.

Back 60

True

Front 61

Voting Rights Act (1965)

Back 61

ensured equal suffrage

Front 62

14th Amend. (1868)

Back 62

tried to guarantee equal protections under the law

Front 63

15th Amend. (1870)

Back 63

designed to enfranchise African Americans Males

Front 64

19th Amend. (1920)

Back 64

expanded the franchise to women

Front 65

24th Amend.

Back 65

barred poll taxes

Front 66

26th Amend.

Back 66

lowered voting age to 18 (from 21)

Front 67

Indian Citizenship Act

Back 67

some states didn't allow them to vote (they didn't pay taxes)

Front 68

Blanket Primaries

Back 68

elections in which all voters may cast ballots for any candidate for any office regardless of party

Front 69

Closed Primaries

Back 69

Nominating elections in which only voters belonging to that party may participate.

(Only registered Democrats can vote in a close Democratic Primary)

Front 70

Interest Groups

Back 70

Individuals, corporations, or associations who seek to influence the actions of elected and appointed public officials on behalf of specific companies or causes

Front 71

Nonpartisan ballots

Back 71

ballots that do not list candidates by political party; still often used in elections

Front 72

Open Primaries

Back 72

election races that are open to all registered voters regardless of their party

Front 73

Party Conventions

Back 73

meeting of party delegates called to nominate candidates for office and establish party agendas

Front 74

Political Machines

Back 74

Organizations controlled by a small # of ppl and run for partisan ends; controlled by nominations for public office and rewarded supporters with gov. jobs and contracts

Front 75

Political Parties

Back 75

Organization that nominate and support candidates for elected offices

Front 76

Primary Elections

Back 76

election that determines a party's nominees for office in general elections against others parties' nominees.

Front 77

Realignment

Back 77

When popular support switches from one party to another

Front 78

Runoff Primary

Back 78

election held if no candidate receives a majority vote during the primary. The top 2 face off again in a runoff to determine the nominee for the general election.

Front 79

Ticket Splitting

Back 79

voters or districts vote for different parties' nominees for different offices.

Ex: supports a Dem. president and supporting a Rep. congress

Front 80

True or False

Political parties tend to play a larger role at the state level as compared to the national level

Back 80

True

Front 81

The Modern Democratic Party was originally known as ....?

Back 81

Democratic -Republicans

Front 82

The Modern Republican Party was originally known as ....?

Back 82

Whig Party

Front 83

True or False

Interest groups are organizations that nominate and support candidates for elected offices

Back 83

False

Front 84

True or False

As political campaigns have become more professionalized, the role of interest groups has increased

Back 84

True

Front 85

Gov. tends to be organized on a nonpartisan basis at the ______ level.

Back 85

local

Front 86

Democrats

Back 86

-gun control advocates

-environmentalist, trial lawyers, labor union members, & African Americans

Front 87

Republicans

Back 87

-corporate & small business

-anti-abortion groups

-advocate property rights, small gov. and right for gun owners

Front 88

Delegates

Back 88

Legislators who primarily see their role as voting according to their constituents' beliefs as they understand them

Front 89

Gerrymanders

Back 89

Districts clearly drawn with the intent of pressing partisan advantage at the expense of other considerations

Front 90

Minority- Majority Districts

Back 90

Districts in which a minority group, such as African Americans or Hispanics, make up a majority of the population or electorate

Front 91

Oversight

Back 91

The role the legislature takes in making sure that the implementation of its laws by the executive branch is being done properly

Front 92

Rank-and-File Members

Back 92

Legislators who do not hold leadership positions or senior committee posts

Front 93

Trustees

Back 93

Legislators who believe they were elected to exercise their own judgement and approach issues accordingly

Front 94

Incumbents have a much easier time understanding _________ for voters in their districts than do new officholders

Back 94

casework

Front 95

True or False

Rank-and-file members rely more on party leaders these days than they ever did in the past

Back 95

False

Front 96

What affects the introduction of legislation?

(3 things)

Back 96

Governors

Constituents

Lobbyists

Front 97

True or False

Oversight of the executive branch is not one of the basic functions of state legislatures?

Back 97

False

Front 98

What happens to most bills introduced in state legislatures?

Back 98

They die in committee

Front 99

What tends to have the largest effect on whether legislators introduce a bill?

Back 99

Constituents

Front 100

Process of making a Bill

Back 100

1. Sponsoring the bill

2. Preparing the bill - proper format

3. Introducing the bill- committee assigned

4. Committee work- revise it or toss it

5. Floor action- chamber votes- goes to other chamber for approval

6. Conference Committee- 2nd chamber looks it over and works out the differences