Political Parties

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Political Party

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Group of individuals who organize to win elections, operate government, and determine public policy.

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The first parties:

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Federalists and Jeffersonian democrats

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Jeffersonian democrats and federalist differences?

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JD supported rural while federalist supported urban. JD led by Jefferson and federalist led by Alexander Hamilton. Federalists phased out because of lack of victories and JD became democrats.

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Second party era:

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Democrats vs. Whigs

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Democrat/Whig differences?

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Dems for state power and Whigs for national.

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Civil War and Reconstruction (3rd era) parties:

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Democrats vs. Republicans

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Why did the Whigs die out?

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They won too little.

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During Civil War/Reconstruction, what were differences between Republicans/Democrats?

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Republicans were against civil war and slavery. Democrats were not. Republicans were on the winning side so they ended up controlling politics.

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What was the fourth era of political parties?

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Progressive Era

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What party gave rise to the Progressive Movement and who was a major player?

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Republicans: Roosevelt

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What is the fifth era of parties?

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New Deal

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Who created the New Deal?

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Harry Truman

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What was the New Deal supposed to accomplish?

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Getting the government more involved in the economy.

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What were the parties like in the New Deal?

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Dems were nearly everyone except for white protestants. Republicans declined.

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Who was the only Republican to win during the New Deal?

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Dwight D. Eisenhower

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The last era of parties?

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Divided Government

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What does divided government mean?

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There are different parties in different positions of power.

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What party has begun to rise again?

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Republicans

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What is the downside to a divided government?

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It is harder to get things done.

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First Past the Post

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If you get the most votes, then you win.

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What are third party candidates?

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Losers.

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Why is it impossible for a third party candidate to win?

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Both larger parties enact policies to make it so.

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Party Identification

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Psychological attachment to a party.

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Parties as organizations:

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National Committees, Congressional Committees, State Parties, Local Parties.

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Parties in Government:

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US House, US Senate, State Legislative Chambers

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Factors that influence party ID:

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Emotional, cognitive, and socialization (surroundings).

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What are three goals of legislators?

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Re-election, advancement up political ladder, and policy change.

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Incumbency Advantage

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Candidates who are already elected an advantage because they are already known and have had media coverage.

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Reactive Policy Making

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Dealing with problems as they come.

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Delegate

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Vote to get re-elected.

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Trustee

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Votes according to conscience.

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Oversights:

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Remedy executive branch violations

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Steps of legislative process:

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1) Writing and Introduction of Bill.

2) committee discuss It, and if passed, goes to-

3) floor debate about it

4) other chambers

5) other chambers

6) conference committee

7) governor signs or vetoes.

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What percent of legislature do States pass?

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50-60%

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How many terms in Senate?

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Two.

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How many Terms in House?

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Four.

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How many terms can you serve in both the Senate and house combined?

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2 in Senate and 4 in House or 16 years combined.

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Why is AR legislature ameteurish?

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Short term limits

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How many days do members of state house serve per year on even years?

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45

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How many days do members of state house serve per year on odd years?

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90

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What is a Hat?

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A role.

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What can the governor do?

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Influence legislation via veto and line-item veto.

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Formal Powers of Governor:

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Appointment, preparing state budget, veto, pardoning.

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Informal Powers of Governors:

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Popularity, Party Support, Communication

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To run for governor you need...

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Prior government experience and ability to raise large sums of money.

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Factors influencing elections:

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Date, Incumbency, and Economy.

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What does the Lieutenant Governor do?

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Waits for governor to for, some preside over Senate, act as governor when governor is away.

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Role of Attorney General:

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Leading law enforcement. Traditionally Democrat.

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K

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K

Front 50

Professional Legislature

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Meets full time, higher pay, one job, more power.

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Amateur Legislature

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Paid less, meets at certain times, less power, fewer staff.

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Gerrymandering

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Drawing boundaries for partisan gain.

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Casework

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State Legislatures help navigate bureaucracy.

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Fire Alarm Oversight

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Keeping branches and check and monitoring violations.

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Bicameralism

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Two chambers of Congress, by party and committee.

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State House:

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Dems and Republicans, majority has speaker.

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State Senate:

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Dems and Repubs. Leaders for both parties.

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Hats of Governor:

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Chief Executive, Commander in Chief, Party Chief, Chief Legislator, Chief Spokesperson, Promoter of Economic Health.

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Chief Legislator

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Inflence legislation, veto, agenda setting.

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Chief Spokesperson

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Deals with press, lobbies Washington.

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Chief Executive

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Implement policy, appointment of powers.

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Party Chief

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Pick state party chairs, raise money for members.