State And Local Government

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collective action problem

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Any situation in which the uncoordinated actions of each player may not result in the best outcome he or she can achieve

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jurisdiction

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The right and power to interpret and apply the law

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political culture

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The attitudes, beliefs, and values which underpin the operation of a particular political system

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political ideology

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•Goals: How society should be organized.
•Methods: The most appropriate way to achieve this goal.

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conference committee

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Members of the conference committee are usually members of the committees that first handled the legislation. Once the conference agrees on a single bill, it issues a conference report, which the Senate and House then vote to adopt—or to reject

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statute

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A law enacted by a legislature

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divided government

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when different parties control the House and Senate or when the majority in Congress is not from the President's party

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amend

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To alter (a legislative measure, for example) formally by adding, deleting, or rephrasing

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bicameral

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Composed of or based on two legislative chambers or branches

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casework

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Social work devoted to the needs of individual clients or cases

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national governors association

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is powerful, bipartisan public policy and lobbying organization made up of the chief executives of America's fifty states

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implementation

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putting into effect

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incumbent

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Currently holding a specified office

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bureaucracy

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An administrative system in which the need or inclination to follow rigid or complex procedures impedes effective action

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party caucus

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meeting of the local members of a political party especially to select delegates to a convention or register preferences for candidates running for office

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pork barrel

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favoritism, by a governor or other elected official, in distributing government monies or other resources to a particular program, jurisdiction or individual

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redistricting

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to divide anew into districts, as for administrative or electoral purposes.

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single member district

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is an electoral district that returns one officeholder to a body with multiple members such as a legislature.

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civil service

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Those branches of public service that are not legislative, judicial, or military and in which employment is usually based on competitive examination

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appropriation bill

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is a legislative motion (bill) which authorizes the government to spend money. It is a bill that sets money aside for specific spending

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policy agenda

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is a list of subjects or problems to which people inside and outside government are paying serious attention to at any given time.

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special session

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A session of a court or legislative body held in addition to the regular sessions

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state of the state address

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is a speech customarily given once each year by the governors of most states of the United States

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executive orders

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are regulations issued by the President

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adjudication

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A deliberate determination by the judicial power; a judicial decision or sentence

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general jurisdiction

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is one that has the authority to hear cases of all kinds

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judicial review

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Examination by a country's courts of the actions of the legislative, executive, and administrative branches of government to ensure that those actions conform to the provisions of the constitution

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legal brief

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is a written legal document used in various legal adversarial systems that is presented to a court arguing why the party to the case should prevail

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precendent

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judicial decision that may be used as a standard in subsequent similar cases