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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Political Resourses
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1) revenue (money brought in), 2) expenditures (money spent)
-state and local shares of total government revenue over last 50 years has increased while federal has decreased |
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Proportional Approach to Taxation
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takes same proportion of everyone's wealth (same %), still takes more from the rich; most state and local revenue systems lean to proportional
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Regressive Approach to Taxation
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poor pay more taxes than rich, ignores ability to pay; defense - if the rich are happy, they'll do more for you
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"poor pay more"
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Progressive Approach to Taxation
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the more you own, the more you pay; proportionally the rich pay more than the poor; use income brackets, higher your income, the more you pay
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"rich pay more"
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Criterion/Prinicples of Taxation
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1) ability to pay
2) revenue production 3) administrative ease (how involved system is) 4)political feasibility (how easy system is to put into place) |
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General Obligation (full faith and credit) bonds
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when State and local borrow money with this, they get the authority at the local level to sell bonds to investment houses who sell to private investores, they promise to pay back loan no matter what; credit rating determines interest rate or whether bond is issued at all; less risk
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Revenue (producing) bonds
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high risk loan because chance won't be repaid, high interest payment; also exempt from federal taxes; State/local loaned money to build something that will yield revenue; success = paid back, failure = don't; often include conditions for use of money
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mandate
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federal money given to state/local government for specific use; requirement for using federal money, spent as Congress wants; used to impose federal doctrine/agenda on state and local level
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Progressive Approach to Taxation
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the more you own, the more you pay; proportionally the rich pay more than the poor; use income brackets, higher your income, the more you pay
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"rich pay more"
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Citizens Conference on State Legislatures
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most intensive work on the quality of state legislatures, examined Functionality, Accountability, Information, Independence, Representation
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FAIIR
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Functionality
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time, staff, size, number of committees
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Accountability
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better if: SMD, open processes, rules allow discussion
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Information
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handling, time allowed, committee use of records, financial info independent of executive
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Independence
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autonomy of sessions (authority to call self into session), no undue influence from exec/interest groups, no conflicts of interest
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Representation
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offices, diverse memebership, money, size sufficient to make a difference
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City Council Study
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Red, white and blue states; Red-full time, high pay, large staff, prof legis; White-in between, hybrid; Blue-parttime, low pay, small staff
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State Legislature Characteristics
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-diversity
-occumpation -size -time |
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Factors effecting Governors' Policy Success
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-personality
-character -cognitive -behavioral style -skills -resources -situation -strategy |
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