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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the central limit theorem? |
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What are the aims of sampling? |
1. Reduces cost of research 2. Generalize about a larger population 3. In some cases, analysis may be destructive, so sampling is needed |
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It is a theoretical probability distribution of the sample means that would be obtained by drawing from the population all possible samples of the same size. It is the probability distribution of a sample statistic that is formed when samples of size n are repeatedly taken from a population. |
Sampling distribution of the mean |
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What is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution called? |
Standard error |
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A group that includes all the cases in which the researcher is interested. |
Population |
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A relatively small subset from a population. |
Sample |
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A sample designed in such a way as to ensure that every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen and every combination of N members has an equal chance of being chosen. This can be done using a computer, calculator, or a table of random number. |
Simple random sample |
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A method in sampling in which every Kth member in the total population is chosen for inclusion in the sample after the first member of the sample is selected at random feom among the first K members of the population. |
Systematic random sample |
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A method of sampling obtained by dividing the population into subgroups based on one or more variables central to our analysis and then drawing a simple random sample from each of the subgroups. |
Stratified random sample |
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A type of stratified random sampling wherein the size of the sample selected from each subgroup is proportional to the size of that subgroup in the entire population. (self weighing) |
Proportionate stratified sample |
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The type of stratified random sampling wherein the size of the sample selected from each subgroup is disproportional to the size of that subgroup in the population. (need weights) |
Disproportionate random sample |
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It is a decision-making process for evaluating claims about a population based on information obtained from a sample. |
Statistical hypothesis |
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It is a two way decision pdoblem It is the procedure to substantiate or invalidate the claim which is stated as null hypothesis. |
Test of hypothesis |
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It is the hypothesis of no difference. It is ordinarily formulated with the purpose of being accepted or rejected. |
Null hypothesis (Ho) |
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The rejection of the null hypothesis is the acceptance of this hypothesis. Can be classified as nondirectional or directional hypothesis. |
Alternative hypothesis (Ha) |
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The type of alternative hypothesis which asserts that one value is different from another (or others). It is an assertion that there is a significant difference between two statistical measures (or that there are significant differences among three or more summary measures). A two-sided hypothesis. |
Nondirectional hypothesis (≠) |
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It is an assertion that one measure is less than (or greater than) another measure of similar nature. A one-sided hypothesis. |
Directional Hypothesis (< or >) |
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It is the range of values of the test value that indicates that there is a significant difference and that the null hypothesis should be rejected. |
Critical Region or Rejection Region |
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It is the range of values of the test value that indicates that the null hypothesis should NOT be rejected. |
Noncritical or Non-rejection Region |
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It separates the critical region from the noncritical region. |
Critical Values |
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The type of error that rejects the Ho in favor of Ha when, in fact, Ho is true. |
Type I Error |
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The type of error that accepts the Ho when, in fact, it is false. |
Type ii Error |
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It is the assumed degree of confidence with our decision by specifying the probability of committing a type I error. |
Level of Significance |
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It serves as a basis for either accepting or rejecting a hypothesis. |
Critical Value |
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It is the test of any statistical hypothesis where Ha is directional. Its region of rejection lies only in one end of the distribution. It indocates that the null hypothesis should be rejected when test value is in the critical region on one side of the mean. |
One-tailed test |
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It is the test of any statistical hypothesis where Ha is nondirectional. Its critical region is split into two equal areas placed in each tail of the distribution. It indicates that the null hypothesis should be rejected when the test value is in either of the two critical regions.l |
Two-tailed test |
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What is the critical value of a one-tailed test? |
a=0.05 : z><±1.645 b= 0.01 : z><±2.33 |
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What is the critical value of a two-tailed test? |
a=0.05 : z><±1.96 b= 0.01 : z><±2.575 |
