Stat Methods Test 1

Front 1

What are the 2 branches of statistical methods and how are they used?

Back 1

Descriptive statistics: used to summarize and describe a group of numbers from a research study.

Inferential statistics: used to draw conclusions and to make inferences that are based on the numbers from a research study but that go beyond the numbers.

Front 2

Variable

Back 2

Characteristic that can have different values. Ex) height, weight, social class, score on a test.

Front 3

Value

Back 3

Possible number or category that a score can have.

Front 4

Score

Back 4

A particular person's value on a variable.

Front 5

What is the other name for a numeric variable?

Back 5

Quantitative variable

Front 6

Numeric variable

Back 6

Variable whose values are numbers

Front 7

Equal-Interval Variable

Back 7

Variable in which the number stands for approximately equal amounts of what is being measured.

Front 8

Rank-ordered variables

Back 8

Numeric variable in which the values are ranks.

Front 9

Ratio scale

Back 9

An equal-interval variable is measured on a ratio scale if it has an absolute zero point.

Front 10

Nominal/categorical variable

Back 10

Variable with values that are categories rather than numbers

Front 11

Discrete variable

Back 11

A variable that has specific values and cannot have values between the specific values

Front 12

Continuous variable

Back 12

There's an infinite number of values between every two values

Front 13

Unimodal

Back 13

If a distribution has only one high point.

Front 14

Bimodal

Back 14

If a distribution has two equal high points.

Front 15

Rectangular distribution

Back 15

All points are equal

Front 16

Positive skew

Back 16

Tail goes toward the positive numbers

Front 17

Negative skew

Back 17

Tail goes toward the negative numbers.

Front 18

Central tendency

Back 18

Typical or most representative value of a group of scores.

Front 19

What are the three measures of central tendency?

Back 19

Mean, median, mode

Front 20

What is the formula for variance?

Back 20

SD^2= E (X-M)^2/N

Front 21

What is the formula to turn a raw score to a Z-score?

Back 21

Z= (X-M)/SD

Front 22

What is the formula to turn a Z-score into a raw score?

Back 22

X=(Z)(SD)+M

Front 23

Sample

Back 23

Scores from a particular group of people studied. A smaller representative group of the population.

Front 24

Population

Back 24

The entire group of people to which a researcher intends the results of a study to apply. This is a larger group to which inferences are made on the basis of the sample studied.

Front 25

Population parameters

Back 25

The mean, variance, and SD of a population

Front 26

Sample statistics

Back 26

The mean, variance, and SD you figure for the scores in a sample

Front 27

Probability

Back 27

Expected relative frequency of a particular outcome

Front 28

Outcome

Back 28

The results of an experiment

Front 29

How do you find the probability?

Back 29

Possible successful outcomes/all possible outcomes

Front 30

What is the range if probability

Back 30

From 0 to 1 (or 1% to 100%)

Front 31

Can probability be negative?

Back 31

No

Front 32

Hypothesis

Back 32

A prediction intended to be tested in a research study.

Front 33

Theory

Back 33

A set of principles that attempt to explain an important psychological process.

Front 34

What does a theory usually lead to?

Back 34

various specific hypotheses that can be tested in research studies.

Front 35

1-tailed test

Back 35

The direction of the result is predicted (one directional)

Front 36

2-tailed test

Back 36

Direction of the result is not predicted (could go either pos or neg)

Front 37

When should you reject the null hypothesis?

Back 37

When the sample is outside the cutoff values (critical value)