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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Leukocytes
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White blood cells
5000-10,000 WBC/ul has nucleus, makes protein |
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Leukocytes facts
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travel in blood before migrating to connective tissue
-Fights infection, before it gets to blood stream -function:protection against pathogens |
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Granulocytes
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Neutrophils
basophils eusonophils |
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Neutrophils
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increase in bacterial infection
Phagocytosis of bacteria release antimicrobial chemicals |
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phagocytosis
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engolf the bacteria and destroys it
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antimicrobial chemicals
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the cell explodes and releases an antibacteria
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Eusonophil
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increase in parastic infection
phagocytosis of antigen-antibody complexes, allergens and inflammitory chemicals *release enzyme to destroy paracytes* |
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Basophils
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increase in chicken pox, sinusitis, diabetes
-secrete histamine(vasodilation) secrete heparin(anticoagulation) |
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why dilate blood vessels
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to get WBC to the site of wound
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Agranulocytes
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lymphocytes
monocytes |
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lymphocytes react to
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increase in diverse infections and immune responses
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lymphocytes do:
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Destroy cells(cancer, foreign and virally infected cells)
-"present" antigens to activate other immune cells -secrete antibodies and provide immune memory |
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monocytes reacts to:
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increase in infection and inflamation
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monocytes do:
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differentiate into macrophages
-phagocytize pathogens and debris -present antigens to activate other immune cells -has large size in order to have the pac-man effect |
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Platelets
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small fragements of megakarocyte cytoplasm
-2-4um diamerter:contains "granules" ameboid movement and phagocytosis megakarocytes are found in red bone marrow |
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platelet count
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130,000 to 400,000
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platelet function
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secrete clotting factors and growth factors for vessel repair.
-initiate formation of clot dissolving enzyme -phagocytize bacteria -chemically attract neutrophils and monocytes to sites of inflamation |
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preventing blood loss
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vascular spasm
platelet plug formation coagulation |
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Vascular spasm
cause |
pain receptors
smooth muscle injury platelet release seratonin(vasoconstrictor) |
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Vascular spasm effects:
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prompt constriction of a broken vessel
-pain receptors(short duration, minutes) -smooth muscle injury-longer duration provides time for other 2 clotting pathways |
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Platelet plug formation
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broken vessel exposes collogen
-platelet pseudopods stick to damages vessel and other platelets-draw walls of vessel together forming a platelet plug release SHT(vasoconstrictor)ADP, and thromboxa NE A2 positive feedback cycle is active until break in vessel is sealed. |
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Coagulation
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CLOTTING:most effective defence against bleeding -conversion of plasma protein fibrinogen into insoluble fibren threads to form framework of clot.
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fibrinogen in blood
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we have fibrinogen in blood waing to be turned into insoluble fibren (waiting for cut)
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Extrinsix and intrinsic pathways
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converge on common reaction cascade to produce fibrin
*2 distinct pathways to form fibren threads |
