Staph

Front 1

how to test catalase +?

Back 1

rub a wire loop across gram + coci an dmix with H2O2 if bubbles= staph catalase+

Front 2

how to differentiate staph areus and other strep beta hemolytic?

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staph is a golden color on sheep blood agar

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onyl staph areus is

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coagulase positive

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what does coagulase do

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elaborates the enzyme coagulase to activate prothombin causing blood to clot, protect from phagocytosis

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how is staph areus so virulent

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has a microcapsule around peptidoglycan cell wall surounding a cell membrane with p enicillin binding protine--> powerful defensive and offensive protein weaponse stick out microcapsule and excrete from cytoplasm--> on our body

Front 6

what does protein A do

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site bind Fc of IgG may protect from opsonization & phagocytosis

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hemolysins what are they

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alpha, beta, gamma, & delta destroy RBC, neutrophils, macrophages, & platelets

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Leukocidins do?

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destroy leukcoytes (WBC)

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Penicillinase do

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secreted form of beta-lactamase disrupts beta-lactam portion of penicillin molecule and inactivate antibiotic

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penicilin binding protein

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transpeptidase needed for cepp wall peptidoglycan formation and is inhibited by penicillin

Front 11

Hyaluronidase is

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spreading factor, breaks down proteoglycans in the connective tissue

Front 12

Staphylokinase does what

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lyses formed fibrin clots

Front 13

Lipase does what

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degrades fats and oils which accumulate on surface of our body, degradations facilitates stap areus colnization in sebaceous glands

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protease does what

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destroys tissue proteins

Front 15

exfoliatin

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diffusible exotoxin that causes skin to slough off

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enterotoxin does what

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heat stable, causes food poisoning and vomit/diarrhea

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TSSt is what

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exotoxin like pyrogenic toxin by lancefield A beta strep, but more deadly

Front 18

Exotoxin for TSS are

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superantigens bind to MHCII class on antigen presenting cells (macrophages) toxin-MHCII causes massic T cell response and cytokines--> TSS

Front 19

which disease are caused by exotoxin release

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gastroenteritis, toxic shock syndrome, scalded skin syndrome

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Direct organ invasion causes

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pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, acute bacterial endocarditis, septic arthritis, skin infections, bacteremia/sepsis, UTI

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gastroenteritis caused by

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staph can grow in food and make an exotocin, they will eat and eat the pre-formed toxin--> peristalsis of intestine and nausea

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tampons left for a long time stimulate staph aureus to release

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exotoxin TSST-1, penetrates the vaginal mucosa and stimulates TNF & interleukin-1

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toxic shock syndrome can also lead to

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septic shock, BP bottoms out and patient suffer severe organ system damage

Front 24

staph scalded skin syndrom is caused by

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exfoliatin toxin- localizes infection & releases a diffusible toxin that exerts distant effects, usually neonate w local infection of severed umbilicus or children w skin infections

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clinically what does SSSS cause

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cleaves middle epidermis w fine sheets of skin peeling off to reveal moist red skin, healing is rapid and mortality low

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staph causes what direct organ invasions

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pneumonia: CAP rare but severe, usually follows a viral influenza upper respiratory issues, rapid destruction of lung

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Meningitis, cerebritis, brain abscesses caused by staph

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stiff neck, high fever, headache, ubtundation, coma focal neuro

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Osteomyleitis by staph

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bone infection in boys <12, spread to bon hematogenously localy see warm, swollen tissue over bone and w systemic fever & shakes

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acute endocarditis by staph

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biolent destruction infection of heart valves w sudden high fever, chills, myalgias no history of valvular disease and no murmur..vegetations grow rapid...strep Viridans causes this too but much gradual

Front 30

Septic Arthritis by staph

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invasion of synovial membrane by staph, closed infection of joint cavity..pts complain of red swollen joint w decr ROM..most commmon for peds and >50, many can lose joint forever

Front 31

how do you diagnose septic arthritis

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synovial fluid will appear yellowish & turbid w alot of neutrophils and positive gram stain

Front 32

Skin infections by staph

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minor skin infections are exclusive by each other strep or staph, impossible to differentiate both but just give penicillin- resistance antibiotic

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impetigo by staph

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infection on fave, around the mouth small vesicles lead to pustules which crust over and become honey-colored

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cellulitis by staph

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depper infection of the cells tissue is hot, red, shiny, & swolen

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local abscesses, furuncles, and carbuncles by staph

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abscess= pus filles, infection of hair cause single pus-filled rater w red rim...penetrate deep= furuncles, multiple contiguous painful lesions under skin= carbuncles

Front 36

wound infection by staph

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any skin wound can be infected w staph= abscess, celullitis, or both when sutured post-surgical become infect but reopen

Front 37

blood and catheter infections

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migrate from skin and colonize ventral venous catheters in bacteremia, sepsis, & septic shock and endocarditis

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Where is MRSA likely to be developed

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hosptals w broad-antibiotic spectrums used- vancomycin

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staph epidermis is part of

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normal bacterial flor in body and coagulase-

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who gets issues w staph epidermis

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compromised hospital pts w foley urine catheters or intavenous lines infected organisms migrate skin along tubing

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how do you contaminate w staph epidermis

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needle to draw bloos passes through skin.2 sites helps determine if both grow= staph epidermis

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prosthetic devises on body like joint, valves etc. also likely to get infecting from

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stah epidermis

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what does staph epidermis have to help stick

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polysaccharide capsule

Front 44

staph sapro is the 2nd leading cause of

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UTIs, in community and coagulase-