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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stamp Act
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-summer of 1763 Grenville decided to place a tax on all legal documents and other items to be paid w/ stamps purchased from the British treasury
- revenue stamp to be affixed to all professional licenses, court docs, papers concering land transfers or exports/imports -paid in gold or silver, but not paper, and the money collected was to be set aside for exclusive use in the colonies -Violations would be tried in both the ordinary and the admiralty courts |
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Proclamation of 1763
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-Prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachians and required all those already there "forthwith to remove themselves"
-under control of the British commander in chief and to remain an exclusive Indian reserve until further notice -hoped to pacify the Indians and to give themselves time to contrive a rational permanent policy for disposing the crowns land -dismayed many Americans |
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Sons of Liberty
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- Due to Stamp Act
-Mobs of artisians, shopkeepers, sailors, merchants -burned effigies of Grenville and royal officials in America and physically attacked tax collectors and partisans of the new tax -In boston they set fire to the house of Lieutinent Gov. Thomas Hutchinson -Was effective because almost all the official stamp distributors resigned their royal commissions |
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Declatory Act
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-March 18,1766, replaced the detested tax
-Right to legislate for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever" -In effect, the English gov. was telling Americans that it acknowledged the stamp tax as a pratical mistake , but it would not accept the argument of "no taxation without representation |
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Townsend Acts
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-May 1767 by Charles Townsend also known as "Revenue Act of 1767"
-imposed new import duties on glass,red & white lead,painter's colors, paper, &tea -paid in coin & the money used to pay royal officials in the colonies, ending their dependence on colonial legislatures for their salaries -authorized the colonial higher courts to issue writs of assitance to help customs officers search private property for violations of the new law -head quarters in Boston, vice admiralty courts in Halifax,Philadelphia,& Charleston to enforce both old & new trade regulations |
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Boston Massacre
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-March 1770 mob attacked British sentry at his post, crowd grew
-at some point, someone gave the red coats a command to fire -led to a major uprising -7 redcoats were tried for the massacre, John Adams & Josiah Quincy defended them. 5 aquitted, 2 recieved light sentences -men/women grew hostile towards Birtish policy & restless at the visible symbols of authority -towns people & redcoats were insulting the soldiers ever since their arrival from New York -many artisians were angered that soliders were taking part time jobs & depriving them of scarce work |
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Samuel Adams
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-led the Boston radicals
-organizer of the Massachusetts Sons of Liberty |
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Boston "Tea Party"
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-due to the Tea Act
-December 16, 1773, a group of patriots disgused as Mohawk Indians boarded the ships and dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor -hundreds watched but didnt know they were watching part of Britains American empire shrink beneath the water |
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Coercive or Intolerable Acts
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-March-May 1774
-Due to Boston Tea Party -1)punished Bostn by closing the port to all commerce until East India Co. had been paid for its tea -2)intended to prevent local juries from frustrating enforcement of imperial trade regulations, allowed royal officials accused of crimes while quelling a riot or collecting revenue to be sent to Britain for trial -3)modified the character of Massachusetts by giving the royal governor enlarged appointive powers & limiting the authority of the town meetings, which had become forums for anti-British radicals |
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Suffolk Resolves
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-1774
-condemned the Intolerable acts -urged the people of Massachusetts to establish an armed militia,boycott British goods, & withold taxes from the royal government -endorsed as the congresses own resolution |
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John Hancock
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-head of the Boston Committee of Safety
-formed to coordinate Patriot mililtary actions & to call out the minute men at the sign of further Bristish provocation |
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Lexington & Concord
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-General Gage gave orders for 700 recoats to march to Concord to stop the Patriots arms caches
-April 19, 1775, the redcoats arrived at Lexington where they found 70 armed Minute Men waiting for them -Someone fired a gun, British then let off several volleys -killed 8 Americans -The American replied but at the end the British occupied Lexington common -The redcoats then marched to Concord where they destroyed Patriot supplies -Minute Men fired at the redcoats from behind walls,barns,trees -250 were wounded & 100 Americans died |
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Pontiacs Rebellion
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-May 1763, led by Pontiac one of the Prophets desciples
-due to Americans crossing into Indian territory promised by the British -attacked Fort Detroit, a british outpost, triggering a fierce Indian uprising throughout the West -in 2 months it drove virtually all the whites back over the mountains -British struck back in the summer of 1764 which put down Pontiacs Rebellion |
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Scotch-Irish
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-not always warmly welcomed
-Image of real frontiersman:tall,red haired,quick to anger,hospitable,fiercly independent -not well with indians, more like hunters than farmers -In Penns. the authorities thought that they would violate the rights of the Indians & set off a major Indian war |
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Stono Rebellion
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-began near Charleston, Sept. 1739
-group of slaves broke into a storehouse & seized arms & supplies -fleeing south towards spanish florida, the rebels gathered recruits as they went & attackedany whites who got in their way -militia soon caught with them & slaughtered them all -30 whites & 40 blacks died -stono rebellion sent a shock wave through S. Carolina -white S. Carolinias would never feel entirely safe again |
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Bacon's Rebellion
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"City Upon a Hill"
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-By New England Puritans
-Massachusetts, establish a true godly community -holiness would guide every aspect of life & people might avoid the corruptions of old England |
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Great Awakening
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-due to decline of orthodoxy
-further diversified religious expression in America -began in 1720's as a series of revivals among the Presbyterians & Dutch Reformed groups in the middle colonies - 1729 adopted by Jonatan Edwards in of Massachusetts, preaching old calvinist doctrine -1738 adopted by George Whitefield turned it into a religious event of continental proportions -attacked by "shouters", "enthusiasts" |
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Education
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-primary schools,staffed by men &women, existed in every colony by the mid-18th century
-more boys than girls attended school slaves recieved no formal educ. though some learned to read & write -bec of strong scattered settlement pattern in the southern colonies it was hard to bring together a concentration of pupils sufficient to support a local school -rich planters hired private tutors for thier sons/daughters of the planters poorer neighbors -1647 the Massachusetts General Court required each town in the province with 50 families to establish a "petty" school to teach children to read/write -any town with at least 100 households had to establish "grammar" school to prepare students for college/learned professions |
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Benjamin Franklin
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-experiments in the 1740's & 1750's contributed to an early understanding of electricity
-largely famous for his invention of the lightning rod to protect buildings from electrical storms & for the efficient parlor stove that bore his name |
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Navigation Acts
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