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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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3 ideological issues |
NEP and peasants vs industrialisation Bureaucracy vs dictatorship of the proletariat Permanent revolution vs socialism in one country |
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NEP and peasants vs industrialisation |
Food shortages in 1927 and threat of war from tensions in Europe in 1928 heightened need for industrialisation. Trotsky Z+K wanted to end NEP to industrialise and squeeze more grain out of peasants Bukharin and Rykov want to continue NEP to make peasants richer and avoid conflict Stalin keeps out of debate |
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Bureaucracy vs dictatorship of the proletariat |
Stalin killed internal party democracy through the Secretariat who appointed local party secretaries through loyalty not merit. Trotsky raises issue of bureaucracy |
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Permanent revolution vs socialism in one country |
Trotsky believed in socialist revolution in the west, Russian has a small w/class and undeveloped economy Stalin claimed Russia could build a socialist state within USSR, appealed as it was patriotic and didn’t dictate a specific economic policy. Stalin attacked Trotsky’s Menshevik past claiming he didn’t have faith in the Russian people |
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How Stalin won his opponents in the leadership struggle 1924-29 |
1924- Triumvirate S+Z+K vs T: Trotsky critical of bureaucracy and wanted perm revolution. Rumours spread of Trotsky’s Menshevik last and T reminds party of Z and K opposition to Oct rev 1917. 1925- S+B+R vs Z+K: Z+K oppose NEP and conflict with peasants over rate of industrialisation. 1926- T+Z+K appeal to masses to end NEP and support perm rev and criticise bureaucracy. Put on trial for factionalism and expelled. 1928-29 - Stalin declares himself a leftist and aims to end NEP and industrialise, using 1927 grain shortage to back him up. Opposed B + R who are removed from Politburo leaving only Stalin. Buk claimed Stalin would strangle them as he subordinated everything in his “lust for power”. |
1924 1925 1926 1928/29 |
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4 factors facilitating Stalins rise to power |
-Lenin: favoured S? Appointed him to cc 1912 as Commissar for Nationalities and became General Secretary and member of Politburo. In Lenin’s final days S controlled access to and bugged his office and Lenin did not leave clear instructions on who should follow him. S exploits cult of Lenin. Read “S was the organisational muscle behind Lenin’s brain”. -Personality: by 1924 S was General Secretary and party was full of his loyal supporters (Nomenklutchura). Member of Politburo and Orgburo and had great political strategy. Kept moderate view - Kotkin disputes Trotsky’s claim of Stalin being a grey blur at this time and claims he was a fully engaged Bolshevik seen in his earlier involvement in the party. Norman Pereira claims S was a bridge between the left and right. -Opposition: key weaknesses of other opponents were manipulated by Stalin and he turned them against each other. Trotsky’s 3 fatal mistakes - did not push to publish Lenin’s testament, did not go to funeral and lost power base when resigned as head of army 1925. Z + K silenced and later killed 1936 and Trotsky exiled and left USSR in 1929. -Ideology: committed to socialism in one country and later commits to industrialisation which was cleverly argued. Pereira claims Stalin’s w/class background appealed to Russians. |
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