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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define pulsus paradoxus
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An inspiratory drop in systolic BP of greater than 10mmHg
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Define a pansystolic murmur and what three pathologies this can indicate.
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Sustained pressure throughout systole
Mitral regurgitation Tricuspid regurgitation Ventricular septal defect |
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What can an systolic 'ejection' murmur indicate?
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1. outflow obstruction - AS, PS
2. high output murmurs - anaemia, thyrotoxicosis, pregnancy, fever. |
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Where are the main sites of production of ALPs?
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liver
bone kidney GIT placenta |
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What does a cholestatic picture (on LFTs) look like?
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ALP - High
GGT - High AST/ALT - raised a little |
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What does a hepatitic picture (on LFTs) look like?
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AST/ALT - High
GGT and ALP - raised a little |
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Alcohol does what to LFTs?
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Raises GGT
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What are the two Bacillus species often associated with human disease?
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B. anthracis (G+)
B. cereus (G+) They are facultative anaerobes (ie can use respiration or fermentation) |
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What is an eschar?
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A skin lesion associated with cutaneous anthrax and resembles a black necrotic sore.
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When is the use of metronidazole indicated?
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anaerobic bacteria and protozoa infections.
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What is a key feature of obligate anaerobes such as clostridium, bacteriodes and actinomyces?
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They lack catalase and/or superoxide dimutase activity therefore they are susceptible to oxidative damage.
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Which four species of bacteria would be included in a differential diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis?
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Salmonella
Shigella Yersinia Campylobacter (all are G-) |
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What dermatomes does heart pain refer to?
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T1-T5
(pain fibres travel with sympathetic nerves) |
