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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What has been found under the Fishbourne palace
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remains of earlier wooden buildings, including a granary
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From when
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the time of the Roman invasion or very shortly afterward
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What else was found
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pieces of metal and a helmet
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Where
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nearby
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All by whom
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excavators
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What do these discoveries indicate
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the presence of soldiers
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Which, probably
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those of the Second Legion, commanded by Vespasian
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Who was Vespasian
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a brilliant young general (later emperor) who led the attack against the Durotriges in the southwest
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What was nearby
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a harbor
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What happened there
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Roman supply ships docked there.
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What is therefore likely about Fishbourne's original purpose?
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that the Romans first used Fishbourne as a military port and supply base
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What did the Roman soldiers leave behind after moving on from Fishbourne
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a few buildings and some roads
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When were many improvements made
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during the thirty years after the Roman army moved on from Fishbourne
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Describe the site of Fishbourne.
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low-lying and rather marshy
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What improvements were made
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The roads were resurfaced, the drainage was improved, the harbor was developed (merchant ships called regularly), and a villa with a set of baths was built
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When was the villa built
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in the late 60s A.D.
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What might this villa have been
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a residence built by Cogidubnus for himself
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How far from the new capital was the villa
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three miles (five kilometers)
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What was this capital
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Noviomagus (modern Chichester)
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When did Vespasian become emperor
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A.D. 69
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When did renewed work begin on the Fishbourne site
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about A.D. 75
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What work was done
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A vast area was cleared, leveled, and landscaped, and a huge new palace was built, of which the original villa (including its baths) became part of the southeast corner.
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How large was the cleared, leveled, and landscaped land
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ten acres
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What might have been Vespasian's reason for building the palace
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Perhaps Vespasian was remembering the loyalty of Cogidubnus and was now presenting him with this palace in return for his continued support of the Romans.
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What was the roof of the bath house incorporated into the new palace like
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It was white and consisted of three half-cylinder shapes, the western one pointing north-south (with a semicircular window facing south looking out to the sea) and the two ones adjoining it pointing east-west, with two windows facing east and presumably one facing west.
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How close to the sea was the palace
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The southeast corner was a few yards away from the sea.
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What was the overall layout of the Fishbourne palace
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four long wings (north, south, east, and west) around a large central garden
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Describe the north wing.
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It contained three suites of rooms arranged around two internal courtyards. Important guests stayed here.
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Describe the east wing.
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Visitors entered the palace through the imposing entrance hall, which was in the middle of the east wing and had a high roof. Some other rooms in the wing may have provided accommodations for the less important visitors.
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Describe the south wing
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Today the south wing lies under a modern road and houses, but excavations suggest that it may have been the residential suite for King Cogidubnus and his family, with a colonnaded veranda overlooking an informal terraced garden extending to the sea.
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Describe the west wing.
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It was built on a platform five feet (1.5 meters) higher than the rest of the palace. In the center stood the impressive audience chamber where the king received his subjects and interviewed officials; the other rooms may have been used as offices.
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What was in the northeast corner
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the aisled hall, which was accessible only from outside the palace and was probably a public assembly hall
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What were Cogidubnus' floors covered with?
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elegant black-and-white mosaics in geometric patterns
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Describe the pattern on the floor laid by a later owner.
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It was more complicated. A circle in the center depicts Cupid on a dolphin. The four semicircles above and below Cupid and to his left and right depict legendary sea creatures swimming. Between these are four ornate vases.
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From where were specialized craftsmen brought
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Italy
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What seven types of people were these, among others
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makers of mosaics, marble workers, plasterers to make friezes, painters, carpenters, ironsmiths, and hydraulic engineers to construct fountains
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Where was their construction and detailed manufacturing carried out
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on the site, where they lived and worked for many years
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What are two traces of the craftsmen's activity
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fragments of marble and colored stone littered on the floor of the stonemasons' area and signs of ironworking in another area
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Where were the marble and colored stone from
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quarries in Italy, the Greek island of Scyros, Asia Minor, and elsewhere
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What did smiths contribute to the construction of the palace?
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They manufactured doorhinges, handles, and bolts.
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How were the gardens similar to the palace
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Like the palace, the garden was planned, laid out, and decorated in the most fashionable Italian style.
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No matter who the owner was, what was the goal in the construction of Fishbourne palace?
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The owner wanted his palace in Britain to be as Roman as possible.
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What was the large central area laid out as?
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a formal garden
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How large was it, approximately
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100 by 80 yards (90 by 70 meters)
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How was the grass kept
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short and tidy; the two lawns were not rolled and cut like a modern lawn
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What have archaeologists found along the edges of the lawns
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deep bedding trenches filled with a mixture of loam and crushed chalk
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What was planted in the trenches
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shrubs and flowering plants such as roses, box, rosemary, lilies, acanthus, hyssop, and flowering trees
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What other holes were there in the garden?
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a line of deep-set post holes
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Where?
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along the eastern side of the garden
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What were these holes used for
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Wooden poles and trellises were put there to support fruit trees and climbing plants.
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What might some of these plants been
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rambler roses
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Why?
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Romans were fond of roses and good at growing them.
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How wide was the garden's main path
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about thirteen yards (twelve meters)
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What was the path made of
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It was surfaced with stone chippings.
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Where did the path run
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It ran east-west through the middle of the garden and led from the entrance hall to the audience chamber.
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Where else did paths run
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around the outside of the lawns
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Describe water flow in the garden.
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The garden had drains and was irrigated by spring water through ceramic pipes. A system of underground pipes brought water to the fountains, which stood at intervals along the paths.
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What other decoration was there
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small marble and bronze statues
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What two things does the reconstruction feature that are pictured on page 88?
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plants that Cogidubnus might have had and a model of a slave working in the potting shed
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What has been planted where the Roman trenches were found
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box hedges
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