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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In which type of immunity ia an individual administered a vaccine and the body then produces antibodies to the antigen that may or may not last a life time?
a. artificially acquired natural immunity b. naturally acquired active immunity c. artificially acquired active immunity d. naturally acquired passive immunity |
c. artificially acquired active immunity
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The transmission of microorganisms from person to person or from object to person is called?
a. asepsis b. carrier c. contamination d. decontamination |
c. contamination
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The study of the ways in which the body resist infection is called?
a. epidemiology b. immunology c. histology d. virology |
b. immunology
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An invasion of t he body by organisms and the reaction of the body to the presence of those organisms and the toxins they produce is called?
a. anitbodies b. droplet nuclei c. infection d. portal of entry |
c infection
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The guidelines that are recommended by the Center for Disease Control to prevent the transmission of the bloodborne pathogens are known as?
a. bloodborne pathogen asepsis b. infection control c. medical asepsis d. standard precautions |
d. standard precautions
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Which of the following is not a purpose of the inflammatory response?
a. to destroy pathogens b. to heal and repair damaged tissue c. to maintain homeostasis d. to localize infection |
c. to maintain homeostasis
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A specific pathway by which microorganisms enter the body that result in infection are known as?
a. contamination b. infection pathway c. portal of entry d. portal of exit |
c. portal of entry
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What type of immunity does not involove antibodies, is programmed into one's genetic make-up and varies between individuals?
a. active b. acquired c. genetic d. passive |
c. genetic
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Which of the following factors is true concerning the ability of a malarial organism to cause an infection when it has entered through the alimentary tract?
a. resistance determines whether or not an infection will take place. b. organisms must enter in a specific pathway to cause infection. c. organisms are more virulent if they produce hemolysis. d. all organisms cause infection |
a. resistance determines whether or not an infection will take place.
b. organisms must enter in a specific pathway to cause infection. c. organisms are more virulent if they produce hemolysis. d. all organisms cause infection |
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What is the stage of acute infection that involves a short period, usually a day or less?
a. acute b. convalescent c. incubation d. prodromal |
d. prodromal
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The type of white blood cells including T-cells and B-cells that assist in immunity are?
a. lymphocytes b. macrophage c. monocyte d. serocyte |
a. lymphocytes
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Which of the following are common allergens?
a. dust, pollen, aspirin b. animals perfume, eggs c. milk, strawberries, fur, plants d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
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Patient to patient to worker are examples of which type of pathogen transmission?
a. direct contact b. indirect contact c. vector contact d. formite contact |
a. direct contact
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The infection effects on a host are dependent of the microorganisms' virulence, portal of organism entry, and the?
a. toxins produced by the organism b. host's antibodies c. number of invading pathogens d. host's antigen response |
b. host's antibodies
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A __________infection involves only one organ or site of the host's body.
a. localized b. mixed c. primary d. systemic |
a. localized
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Which of the following factors contribute to the development of nosocomial infections in patients that have had tissue or organ transplants?
a. improper hand-washing techniques b. administration of immunosuppressive agents c. excessive use of antibiotics d. improper speciment or tissue handling |
b. administration of immunosuppressive agents
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What organizm is responsible for a number or post-operative infections?a. esherichia coli
b. pseudomonas aeruginosa c. staphylococcus aureus d. streptococcus |
c. staphylococcus aureus
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Whether or not an infection will take place and the severity of the disease is determined by the________?
a. chemical barriers b. local tissue reaction c. resistance of the host d. type of organism |
c. resistance of the host
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the virulence of pathogents?
a. overall health of the host b. incubation period of the organism c. number of organisms that are able to invade the host d. amount of toxins produced by the organism |
b. incubation period of the organism
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A type of white blood cell that, as a part of the inflammatory reaction, releases chemicals that allow the capillaries to be penetrated by white blood cells and other substances that accumulate at the infection site is called ______?
a. basophil b. eosinophil c. lyphocyte d. neutrophil |
a. basophil
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What organism is responsible for TB and leprosy and presents a particular hazard for various infections to patients with low resistance, such as those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, to those receiving immunosuppressors, and to those with pulmonary conditions?
a. human papilloma b. mycobacterium c. staphylococcus aureus d. streptococcus |
b. mycobacterium
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Local tissue reaction to cell injuries such as a foreign bodies, chemicals, microorganisms, or trama represents which type of body defense?
a. physical and chemical barrier b. inflammatory pressure c. immune response d. auto-immune response |
b. inflammatory pressure
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of inflammatory response?
a. impaired function, pain b. redness, drainage c. heat, disordered function d. swelling, pain |
b. redness, drainage
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Which cells produce antibodies to a pathogen's antigen and tag the pathogen cells for destruction by phagocytes?
a. cytotoxic T cells b. inactivated B cells c. memory T cells d. plasma cells |
d. plasma cells
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Applying moderate heat to dilate blood vessels and incresing the flow of blood and its white cells and antibodies to the affective part is the treatment for which of the following?
a. infection b. inflammation c. immune response c. antibody reactions |
b. inflammation
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Which of the following factors contribute to the development of nosocomial infections by allowing pathogens to become resistant to the effects of certian medications and by destroying normal resident flora allowing other organisms to gain a competitive advantage?
a. surgical procedure b. improper hand-washing technique c. inappropriate use of antibiotics d. improper tissue and specimen |
c. inappropriate use of antibiotics
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A type of white blood cell that is believed to neutralize toxins such as those secreted by some pathogens is called a(n)_____________.
a. basophil b. eosinophil c. lymphocyte d. monocyte |
b. eosinophil
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Which of the following is a protein substance developed by the body in response to the presence of an antigen that counteracts the antigen?
a. allergen b. antibody c. endotoxin d. immune response |
b. antibody
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The process by which a moving cell engulfs a mass of foreign material is called____________?
a. active immunity b. interferon c. serum-protein response d. phagocytosis |
d. phagocytosis
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An infection that follows or complicates the original disease or os a complication to an exsiting condition is known as a(n) ___________infection.
a. acute b. chronic c. latent d. secondary |
d. secondary
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What type of white blood cells make up approximately 55 to 70 percent of the white blood cells. provide a quick response that is not as organized and specific as subsequent reactions, and charge into the infected site and begin attacking foreign materials?
a. basophils b. monocytes c. lymphocytes d. neutrophils |
d. neutrophils
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The period of time between the entrance of an organism to the body and the onset of symptoms is called _________.
a. acute b. convalescent c. incubation d. prodromal |
c. incubation
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Which of the following is NOT a method of controlling the transmission of infections?
a. use "no-touch" techique of sharp instruments and blades b. use PPE when handling blood or blood contaminated items c. control insects d. reduce aseptic technique practices |
d. reduce aseptic technique practices
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In which phase does the body detect an unrecognized foreign antigen and begin to react?
a. lag b. memory c. primary response d. secondary response |
a. lag
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Vaccines for rabies, influenza, pertussis and typhoid fever are examples of which type of vaccines?
a. live weakened or less virulent pathogens b. killed or inactived pathogens c. contain extracts of pathogens d. contains toxins of the pathogens |
b. killed or inactived pathogens
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What type of immune response involves the production of T cells in response to exposure to an antigen and is delayed response that is important in tissue transplant rejection?
a. inflammatory b. cell-mediated c. delayed d. humoral |
b. cell-mediated
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What type of immunity involves the use of antibodies, may be naturally acquired or artificially acquired, and may be active or passive?
a. active immunity b. naturally acquired immunity c. positive immunity d. acquired immunity |
d. acquired immunity
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What type of lymphocyte is formed in the fetal thymus gland or in the bone marrow and passes through the thymus on its way to the lymph nodes and spleen?
a. interferon b. helper T cells c. T cell d. B cell |
c. T cell
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Immune serums prepared in animals or other humans or in the laboratory to provide short-term immunity with no memory against future invasions are called __________.
a. artificially acquired active immunity b. naturally acquired active immunity c. artificially acquired passive immunity d. naturally acquired passive immunity |
c. artificially acquired passive immunity
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Which of the following is NOT a transmission control method of portals of entry?
a. cleanse incision sites b. control insects c. wash hands d. vaccinations |
b. control insects
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What type of cells reside in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes until exposed to the antigen of their target pathogen?
a. suppressor T cells b. plasma cells c. activated B cells d. inactive B cells |
d. inactive B cells
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Rocky Moutain spotted fever is transmitted by ________ contact.
a. direct b. indirect c. fomite d. vector |
d. vector
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Microorganisms that can be transmitted by contaminated blood transfusions and needle sticks enter through the ___________.
a. alimentary tract b. circulatory system c. genitourinary tract d. respiratory system |
b. circulatory system
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What type of immune response involves the production of B cells and some T cells in response to exposure to an antigen?
a. allergen b. antibody c. humoral d. serum |
c. humoral
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Blood that is transferred from an open wound or by infected needles or instruments are examples of which of the following?
a. droplet nuclei b. portals of exit c. transmission techniques d. vectors |
b. portals of exit
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A severe allergic reaction to a drug such as penicillin or a foreign protein such as insect venom is called __________.
a. allergen b. anaphylaxis c. interferon d. phagocytosis |
b. anaphylaxis
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The process by which a cell releases chemicals that interere with a virus' ability to reproduce within a cell is called ___________.
a. inflammatory reaction b. interferon response c. serum-protein response d. phagocytosis |
b. interferon response
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In which of the following phases does the body produce antibodies that fit the previously unrecognized antigen and produce the memory cells that will recognize that antigen during any subsequent exposure?
a. lag phase b. memory phase c. primary response phase d. secondary response phase |
c. primary response phase
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Death usually results from severe anaphylactic reaction due to _____________.
a. hypersenstive body cells b. antigen-antibody reaction c. spasm of the bronchiole muscles d. serum thickness |
a. hypersenstive body cells
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Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding rejection syndrome?
a. every organism has a natural tendency to reject foreign substances b. always occurs following transplantation of an organ or tissue as well as with metal implant placement c. drugs are used to suppress antibody formation to decrease tissue requestion d. tissues or organs to be transplanted are crossed matched before transplantation |
b. always occurs following transplantation of an organ or tissue as well as with metal implant placement
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If an individual does not experience an allergic response when exposed to a potential allergen but subsequent exposure result in an allergic response, what has happened?
a. enough antibodies have now been produced to trigger the allergic response b. there is not enough toxins to produce a reaction c. vaccines prohibit a reaction d. naturally acquired passive immunity takes over the body's defenses |
a. enough antibodies have now been produced to trigger the allergic response
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