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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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workhouse |
a house in which poor people are lodged and sent to work |
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board |
the people who direct a particular business [or the directors of the workhouse] |
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beadle |
the person in day-to-day charge of the workhouse |
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capital |
excellent [British slang] |
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oakum |
loose fibres picked from old ropes that are used to caulk ships |
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pauper |
a person with no money at all |
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copper |
large boiler used for cooking or laundering |
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gruel |
a light, thin liquid made by boiling a cereal such as oatmeal in a lot of water |
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porringer |
one-handed metal bowl or cup |
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assiduously |
paying attention to details |
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voracious |
extremely hungry |
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per diem |
per day |
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implicitly |
a fact that is true, but no one actually admits it or says so |
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short commons |
a small amount of food |
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temerity |
boldness, holding on even when you are terrified |
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stupefied |
to be so shocked or scared that you can't think |
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to pinion |
to bind or hold fast |
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dietary |
a regulated amount of food |
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to controvert |
to dispute or deny |
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prophetic |
giving warning of what is to come |
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ever and anon |
now and again |
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to incarcerate |
to imprison |
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ablution |
washing |
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to console |
to comfort a sad person |
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to supplicate |
to beg, same as entreat |
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to entreat |
to beg, same as supplicate |
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revolution |
a complete change in something, the overthrow of a government |
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technology |
new inventions; the science of industry |
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global |
world-wide |
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"mother" country |
in the language of colonialism, the colonizing power that shipped people to another country to take it over. |
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industrialized |
an economy based on industry and not farming [agriculture] |
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global warming |
an increase in the temperature of the entire earth |
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ozone layer |
a layer of gas above the earth's surface the protects humans and all life from harmful UV rays of the sun |
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labour supply |
supply of workers |
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Test Act |
an act [law] forbidding anyone except members of the Church of England from holding political office or entering a profjession |
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capital |
money used to invest in business |
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raw materials |
the essential materials needed in an industry to make a product |
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inefficient |
unproductive; inadequate in performance; doing something the longer, slower way. |
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commons |
land which could be used by everyone |
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to graze |
to feed on growing plants, such as grass |
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breed |
a group of animals of all the same type; they are distinguished by particular characteristics |
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fodder |
animal food |
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manure |
animal droppings used to fertilize land
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to broadcast |
to sow seeds by throwing them over a field by hand |
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entrepreneur |
a person who runs a business, taking the risk in order to earn a profit |
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franchise |
the right to vote |
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self-interest |
action in one's own interest rather than in another person |
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synthetic |
made by humans; artificial |
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demand |
desire for particular goods |
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to seep |
to trickle slowly |
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compressed steam |
steam under pressure |
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cast iron |
molten iron poured into a mould to make a product |
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market |
the total altogether of people wishing to purchase goods |
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toll |
a fee for using a road |
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locomotive |
a steam engine designed to pull cars on a railway |
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capitalist |
a person with money to invest |
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clothier |
a capitalist who invests money in textile-making |
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supply |
the amount of goods available |
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demand |
the desire of the people to buy a certain good or product |
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Mother Teresa |
a nun from the 1900's who devoted her life to the care of the poor and diseased in India |
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social reformers |
people who wish to change the nature of society |
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labour union |
an organization devoted to improving conditions for working people |
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"Society" |
meaning "high society" or the upper class |
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idealized |
not realistic; seeing something as better than reality |
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to speculate |
to buy land in the expectation that its value will increase |
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absent |
owners who own land but do not live on it ... or take care of it very well |
