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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Common Themes of Religion. |
1. Love 2. Purpose 3. Mysteries 4. Death |
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A social institution that answers questions and explains the seemingly inexplicable. |
Religion |
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Religions based on the belief in a single deity. |
Monotheistic |
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Encompass many deities. |
Polytheistic |
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Characteristics of Religion. |
1. Beliefs 2. The Sacred and Profane 3. Rituals and Ceremonies 4. Personal Experience |
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Functions of Religion |
1. Social Cohesion 2. Social Control 3. Provides meaning and purpose |
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Rituals practiced 40 000 years ago, embraced animism, and no full-time religious leaders. |
Pre-industrial Societies |
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Science has often replaced religion as a source of comfort and certainty. |
Industrial Societies |
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Convictions that certain things are true. |
Beliefs |
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Belief anchored in conviction rather than scientific evidence. |
Faith |
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Interested in the consequences of religious belief rather than a direct critique of the belief systems. |
Scientific Sociology |
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A Hindu belief not in a single deity, but in a spiritual force, "dharma", that resides everywhere in the universe. |
Pantheism |
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According to Durkheim, these are things which have supernatural significance and qualities. |
Sacred |
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According to Durkheim, these are things which are regarded as part of ordinary life. |
Profane |
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Routinized behaviors which allow the believer to temporarily approach their deity and bring the sacred and profane together within a social setting. |
Rituals and Ceremonies |
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Religious groups that share common beliefs and values. |
Moral Communities |
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Can provide the interpretations for understanding one's own behaviors, the personal meanings of these interpretations, and the resolve to do something about these problems or feelings that vex them. |
Personal Experience |
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An orientation in which people attempt to internalize religious teachings, seeing religion as an end itself. |
Intrinsic Religiousity |
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An orientation that sees religion as a journey taken to understand complex spiritual and moral issues. |
Quest Religiousity |
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It is bureaucratic in nature and integrated into the larger society. |
Religion |
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A form of religious organization that is non-bureaucratic and clearly distinct from the larger society. |
Sect |
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Distinct not only from the larger society but from other religions as well- it does not emerge from pre-existing religious forms. |
Cult |
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A strict, literal adherence to religious doctrine accompanied by a rejection of intellectualism and worldliness. |
Fundamentalism |
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Forms of Marriage |
1. Monogamy 2. Polygamy |
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A kind of group behavior characterized by spontaneous development of form and organization, which contradict or reinterpret the norms of the group. |
Collective Behavior |
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Proposed by Gustave LeBon. proposes that crowds exert a hypnotic influence on their members which if combined with the anonymity of belonging to a large group of people, results in irrational, emotionally charged behavior. |
Contagion Theory |
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Argues that the behavior of a crowd is not emergent property of the crowd but is a result of like-minded individuals coming together. |
Convergence Theory |
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Combines the Convergence and Contagion theory, arguing that it is a combination of like-minded individuals, anonymity, and and shared emotion that leads to crowd behavior. |
Emergent Norm Theory |
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Forms of Collective Behavior |
1. Crowds 2. Public 3. Social Movements |
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A transitory group of persons in an ambiguous and, to some degree, unstructured situation where participants don't have a clear knowledge of how to behave, but feel that something can be done. |
Crowd |
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Types of Crowd |
1. Casual 2. Conventional 3. Acting 4. Expressive |
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A spontaneous, loosely organized and momentary type of grouping whose members come and go. |
Casual Crowd |
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Characterized by established regular ways of behaving depending upon the time and place or performance and order of activities. |
Conventional Crowd |
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An active, volatile group of excited persons whose attention is focused on a controversial or provocative issue which arouses action if not indignation. |
Acting Crowd |
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A crowd focused on a target that is resented or seen as a source of frustration. |
Mob |
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Similar to mobs but diffused in their activities; involve hostile, violent outburst between groups. |
Riot |
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A sudden terror which dominates thinking and often affects groups of people. |
Panic |
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Structures ranking of people that propagates unequal access to opportunities and rewards. |
Social Stratification |
