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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is to the west, south and east of Greece
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west-> Ionian sea, sounth-> Mediterranean Sea, east-> Aegen Sea
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peninsula
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body of land with water on three sides
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many greeks made a living from ___
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the sea, became fishers sailors and traders
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climate was mild so some ppl grew
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wheat barley olives and grapes
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greeks raised __ (animals)
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sheeps and goats
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Minoans earned living by
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building ships and trading
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Arthur Evans
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english archaeologist uncovered the ruins of the palace at Knossos
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what were mioan ships made out of
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oak ad cedar trees (sailed as far as Egypt and Syria
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what did mioans trade
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traded pottery and stone vases for ivory and metals
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when did minoan civilization collapse, why?
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1450 B.C. either b/c of an earthquake or by the Mycenaeans
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What did mycenaens leaders become
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first greek kings
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Heinrich Schliemann
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German who dicovered a walled palace in Mycenae and named the ppl of this civilization Mycenaeans
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what was the centerpiece of each mycenaean kingdom
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fortified palace on a hill where the ruler live surrounded by stone walla
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what did government officals do in mycenaea, and what were taxes
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kept track of each person wealth, taxes were wheat, livestock, and honey
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who did the mycenaeans copie?
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they copied the minoans
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what are the mycenaeans most proud of?
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their deeds in battle, trojan war
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dark age
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1100 B.C. and 750 B.C ppl stopped trading, and teaching their written language
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1100 B.C.
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mycenaean civilization collapsed
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positive change in dark ages
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population shift, greek culture expanded
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Dorians
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pp that invaded greece and brought iron weapons (stronger and cheaper than bronze)
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greeks picked up from an alphabet from the ___
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phoenicians
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greek alphabet
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24 letters that stood for sounds, simpler and easier
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colonies
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settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties to its homeland
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where did greek colonies settle?
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italy france spain north africa and western asia
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what did greeks begin to make in the 600s B.C.
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mint coins, money for goods instead of goods for more goods
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polis
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greek city-state, tiny independant country
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acropolis
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fortified area, main gathering place, usually a hill, religious center
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agora
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below acropolis, open area
2 funtions: a. market b. place where ppl could meet and debate issues |
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greek city-states were run by their ___
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citizens
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who qualified for citizenship
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free native-born men who owned land
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rights of greek citizens
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could gather in the agora to choose their officials and pass laws, right to vote, hold office, own property, and defend themselves in court
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hoplites
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armied of ordinary citizens, fought on foot and each had a round shield, a short sword,and a 9-ft spear
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tyrant
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is someone who takes power by force and rules with total authority
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where did the tyrants get their support??
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from hoplites, famrers, common ppl
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how did tyrants make themselves popular
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by building new marketplaces and tempes and walls
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oligarchy
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few ppl hold power
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democracy
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all citizens share in running the government
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who was sparta founded by?
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founded by Dorians
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helots
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spartan captive workers, comes from greek word capture
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when did spartan boys go and live in barracks
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at age 7
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when did spartans enter the regualr army
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at age 20
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when did spartan boys return home?
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at age 30
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how long did spartans stay in the army
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until they were 60 years old
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girls in sparta were trained in
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sports, running wrestling and javelin throwing
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could spartan woman own property and go anywhere they wanted?
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yes
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two ____ headed a council of elders
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kings
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who was the spartan council made up of and what did they do
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28 citizens over 60, presented laws to an assembly
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assembly
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all spartan men over 30, voted on councils laws and chose five ppl tp be ephors each year
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ephor
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enforced laws and managed taz collection
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athenian boys learned...
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how to read, write, do arithmatic, how to sinf, play the lyre,and sports
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when did athenian boys finish school
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at 18, they became citizens
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athenians girls learned
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spinning weaving and other household duties from their mothers
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Solon
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594 B.C. noble that canceled all the farmers' debts and freed slaved, allowed make citiens to participate in assembly and law courts
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Peisistratus
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tyrant seized power in 560 B.C. won support of the poor by dividing large estates among landless farmers, loanded money to poor ppl abd gave them jobs
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Cleisthenes
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508 B.C. reorganized the assembly to play the central role in governing, they could debate matters openly, hear court cases, and appoint army generals, created a council of 500 citizens to help assembly
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what did the council do?
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proposed laws, dealt with foreign countries, and oversaw the treasury
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what is cleisthenes credited with?
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making Athens a democracy
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Cyrus the Great
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united Persians into a powerful kingdom (559 B.C. to 530 B.C.)
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Darius
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521 B.C. divided empire intp satrapies ruled by a satrap
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kings power depended on his...
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troops
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immortals
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10,000 specially trained soldiers, paid to work full time, guarded king, when someone died, immediately replaced
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Zoroastrianism
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Persian religion founded by Zoroaster, born in 660 B.C.
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Battle of Marathon
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490 B.C.
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Themistocles
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athenian general
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Leonidas
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spartan king and commmander
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Plataea
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479 B.C. largest greek army ever assemlbed
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