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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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political map
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shows the features people created
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physical map
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shows the land forms and bodies of water in a particular place
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thematic map
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includes specific information about a place or region
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artifact
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human made object
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fossil
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remains of early life preserved in the ground
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hominid
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a human or human-like creature that walks on two feet
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hunter gatherer
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hunted animals
gathered plants depended upon the natural enviornment |
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nomads
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people who from place to place
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migration
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the act of moving from one place to another
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domesticate
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the skill that provided humans and grazing animals with more grain to eat
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agriculture
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planting seeds to raise crops
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slash and burn
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the act of cutting and then burning trees and brush to clear land for crops
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surplus
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amount produced in excess of what is needed
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specialization
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a skill in one kind of work
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artisan
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people trained in skills or crafts
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social class
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group of people with similar customs, background, and incomes
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floodplain
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the flat land bordering the banks
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silt
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find soil deposited by rivers
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Mesopotamia
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the region where two rivers flow
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Semi-arid
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climate having little rainfall and warm temperatures
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civilization
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an advanced form of culture
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Sumar
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an ancient region of northern Mesopotamia
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city state
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a political unit that includes a city and it's nearby farmlands
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Ziggurat
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an ancient Sumarian temple that rose in a series of step like levels
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polytheism
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a belief in many gods or goddesses
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King
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daddy, leaders
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pictograph
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picture writing
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stylus
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a sharpened reed to press markings into a clay tablet
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cuneiform
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a wedge-shaped writing
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scribes
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people who specialized in writing
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Empire
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a collection of many people and lands under the control of one leader
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emperor
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the ruler of an empire
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fertile crescent
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an area of rich soil in the Middle East
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Hammurabi
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the ruler of the Babylonian Empire from 1792 to 1750 BC, who expanded the empire
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code of law
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a pattern of written rules for people to obey
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exile
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forced removal from one's homeland
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tribute
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a payment of money or goods by one ruler to another in order to ensure protection
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toleration
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the practice of allowing people to keep their customs and beliefs
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province
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a subdivision of an empire or country
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satrap
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the governor of a province in the ancient Persian Empire
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Royal Road
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a road for government use built by the ancient Persian Ruler Darius which helped unite the empire
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cataract
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a steep waterfall
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delta
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the area near the river's mouth where the river deposits large amounts of sand and silt
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hieroglyph
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a picture standing for a word or sound
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papryus
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a paper like material made from stems of the papyrus plant
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embalm
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to preserve a body after death
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mummy
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the body of a human or animal that has been preserved and dried out to prevent decay
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dynasty
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a line of rulers from the same family
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pharaoh
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a king of ancient Egypt
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pyramid
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a structure with four triangular sides that meet at a point
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step pyramid
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a pyramid whose sides rise in step like levels
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obelisk
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a four-sided shaft with a pyramid-shaped top
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Austrolopithecine
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4.5 million-1 million bc
southern and eastern africa first human like creature to walk upright |
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homo habils
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man of skill
2.5 million-1.5 million Bc east africa first to make stone tools to cut meat and open bones |
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homo erectus
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upright man
1.6 million-250,000 BC africa, asia, europe first to move out of africa |
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homo sapiens
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wise man
400,000 BC-present africa, asia, europe physically modern humans |
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What are the 3 phases of the Stone Age?
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Old stone age = Paleolithic age
Middle stone age = Mesolithic age New stone age = Neolithic age |
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Paleolithic Age
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2.5 million-8000 BC
homo halbis, homo erectus and homo sapiens lived during this period. early humans lived as hunters and gatherers. people used simple stone tools with single sharp edges to cut and chop. |
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Mesolithic Age
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10,000-6,000 BC
Mesolithic peoples developed needles and thread, harpoons, and spear throwers. They began to control fire and develop language. In some places, people specialized in hunting particular animals. Gatherers developed grindstones to prepare the vegetables they collected. |
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Neolithic Age
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8000-3000 BC
Only Homo sapiens lived during this period. People learned to polish stone tools and make pottery. They began to grow crops, raise animals, and settle in villages. |
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Why was there domestication?
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food
clothing shelter tools |
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What was the agricultural revolution?
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the name given to the shift from food gathering to food raising
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How did farming villages develop?
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they developed because silt, fertile soil and water were in high supply in many areas
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How did farming villages become more complex?
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they became more complex because food and water were easy to get so people could live longer and build more complex farming villages
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What was the geography of Mesopotamia and how did the climate affect farmers?
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the geography of Mesopotamia had rivers, fertile soil and silt. these characteristics affected farmers because the soil and water was good to grow with
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What were the first civilizations in Sumar?
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City States and Ziggurats
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What was the change in leadership?
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the change in leadership was from kings to priests
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What were the 3 classes of society in Sumar?
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top = kings, priests, land owners, government officials and rich merchants
middle = free people, farmers, artisans bottom = slaves |
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What were the inventions? And, what was the creation and development of written language?
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the inventions were the potter's wheel, the wheel, the plow and the wagons. the creation and development of written language was cuneiform.
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Mesopotamian Empires
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Sargon, Akkadian Empire
Hammurabia, Babylonian Empire |
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Ashurbanipal and Assyrian Empire
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Mighty Military Machine and harsh treatment to captured people
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How did Assyria control its Empire?
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because they had a powerful army
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Nebuchadnezzar II and the New Babylonian Empire/Chaldean Empire
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Hanging Gardens of Babylon
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Persian Empire
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Cyrus "wise emperor"
Darius Political organizations/uniting the empire |
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What is the geography of Ancient Egypt?
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Nile River, fertile land, related economic activities
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What are Ancient Egyptian social roles?
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Scribes, government officials, craft people, farmers, merchants, laborers and slaves
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What are the advances in learning in Ancient Egypt?
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Hieroglphys
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What are the the beliefs of Ancient Egypt?
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they had a belief in polythesim and a happy after life
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What are the dynasties of Ancient Egypt?
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Old Kingdom: Khufu, Great Pyramid/pyramids
Middle Kingdom: weaker government New Kingdom: Queen Hatscheput (used trade to expand)/Ramses II (used war to expand, peace treaty with Hittities) |
