Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
enlightenment
|
through the use of reason, people and gvts could solve every social, political, and economic problem (heaven on earth) felt nothing was beyond the reach of human kind.if people could use reason to find laws that governed the physical world then they sould use reason to find natural laws
|
|
|
natural laws
|
laws that govern human nature
|
|
|
renaissance
|
rebirth: cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14 to 17th century. started in florence.
|
|
|
renaissance
|
brought back a resurgence of learning based on classical resources. advances in art education andthis time period is known for bridging the gaps between the middle ages and the modern world
|
|
|
leonardo da vinci
|
one of the most famous artists of the renaissance best known pieces of work: mona lisa, last sukpper, perfect human
|
|
|
michelangelo
|
an italian renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet, engineer
|
|
|
william shakespeare
|
one of the worlds best authors and play writes. wrote plays that touched humans lives still today and made people ponder the human mind
|
|
|
thomas hobbes
|
"leviathan". argued that people are naturally cruel greedy and selfish. believed that if we were not controlled we would fight rob and opress one another- life in the state of nature would be a bad place.
|
|
|
thomas hobbes
|
to escape the state of nature said people had to create a social contract.
|
|
|
thomas hobbes
|
believed in a powerful gvt that could ensure an orderly society: absolute monarchy
|
|
|
social contract
|
an agreement by which they gave up the state of nature for an organized society
|
|
|
john locke
|
more optimistic view of human nature. believed that people were basically reasonable and moral and people had some natural rights
|
|
|
john locke
|
natural rights- rights that belonged to all humans from birth; life liberty and property
|
|
|
john locke
|
urges that people form gvts to protect natural rights; the best kind has limited power and is accepted by all citizens and the people have the right to overhtrow the gvt:democracy
|
|
|
baron de montespuieu
|
read all he could about ancient and medieval europe and learned about the chinese and native american cultures and had a sharp criticism of absolute monarchies
|
|
|
montesquieu
|
believed in the separation of powers; beleived in britain's limited monarchy and said british had protected thamselves against tyranny by dividing the various functions and powers of gvts: legislative judicial and executive
|
|
|
voltaire
|
most famous philosephes; targeted corrupt officials and idle aristocrats, battled inequality injustice and superstition, detested the slave trade and deplored religious predjudice
|
|
|
voltaire
|
his outspoken attacks offended both the french gvt and the catholic church; was imprisioned and forced into exile; he saw his words outlawed and books burned and still believed in freedom of speech
|
|
|
denis diderot
|
labored for 25 years to produce 28 volume encyclopedia; wanted to change the general way of thinking by explaining the new ideas on topiecs such as gvt philosophy and religion
|
|
|
denis diderot
|
the french gvt argued that the books were and attack on publec morals and the pope threatened to excommunicate roman catholics who bought or read volumes
|
|
|
rousseau
|
most controversial philosophe believed that people in their natural state were basically good and the natural innocence was corrupted by the evils of society especially the unequal distribution of property
|
|
|
rousseau
|
believed in social contract that said society placed too many limitations on people's behavior and some controls were necessary but should only be passed down by gvts that were freely elected
|
|
|
rousseau
|
wanted a democracy
|
|
|
physiocrats
|
focused on economic reforms
|
|
|
montesquieu
|
wanted a constitutional monarchy
|
|
|
laissez faire
|
allowing buisness to operate with little or no government interference. physiocrats rejected mercantilism which required gvt regulation of the economy to achieve a balance of trade and instead wanted a lazy governement
|
|
|
adam smith
|
british economist who wrote the wealth of nations and argued for a free market (laissez faire) and believed they should be allowed to regulate business actively tried to show how manufacturing trade wages profits and economic growth were all linked to supply and demand
|
|
|
the clergy
|
in the middle ages the church found a new role in french society they enjoyed great wealth because of their influence in society. owned 10% of the land by collecting tithes
|
|
|
tithes
|
to contribute or pay a 10th part of ones annual income
|
|
|
clergy
|
paid no direct taxes to the state some of the first estate did provide services(heath care, ministry) condemed enlightenment
|
|
|
clergy
|
first estate: church
|
|
|
nobles
|
louis xiv crushed them but gave them other rights-top jobs, the army the courts and the church. at versailles they competed for royal appts
|
|
|
nobles
|
owned land but had little money income and started to feel a pinch of trying to maintain status. feared change, especially thier freedom from paying taxes
|
|
|
nobles
|
2nd estate knights/military that defended the land
|
|
|
third estate
|
numbered about 27million people or 98% of the population of france: middle class. 9 out of 10 people in this class were rural peasants
|
|
|
bourgeoisie
|
top of the third estate who wanted democracy included prosperous bankers merchants manufacturers lawuers doctors journalists professors skiolled artisans
|
|
|
prolateriate
|
lower class of the third estate who wanted communism mostly urban workers
|
|
|
third estate
|
payed all of the taxes and were starving because of a poor harvest
|
|
|
tennis court oath
|
the national assembly swore to never separate and tomeet whereever the circumstances might require until we establish a sound and just constitutuion and the king was forced to grudgingly accept
|
|
|
bastille
|
people stormed this place in search of weapons that they thought were inside and the place opened fire and a battle followed this started the french revolution
|
|
|
flee the country
|
peasants in fural areas rebelled against the feudal lords and cause many of them to do what
|
|
|
declaration of the rights of man
|
modeled after the declaration of independence said all men wre born and remain free and equal in rights.
|
|
|
declaration of the rights of man
|
said everyone should ejoy their natural rights to liberty property security and resistance to opression
|
|
|
declaration of the rights of man
|
king louis was forced to accept it and was similart ot locke who said gvts exist to protect the natural rights of citizens
|
|
|
government/state
|
who did the national assemble put in the control of the church
|
|
|
austria and prussia
|
what two countries declared war on france in order to end the revolution and keep the king on the throne
|
|
|
marie antionette
|
king louis's wife
|
|
|
killed
|
what happened to louis and marie because they were suspected of working with other enemy countries
|
|
|
limited monarchy
|
what type of gobernment replaced the absolute monarchy when the constitution fo 1791 was set up
|
|
|
committe of public safety
|
led by robspierre was created to deal with the threats to france
|
|
|
rousseau
|
whose ideas did robspeirre embrace
|
|
|
robspierre
|
sent thousands of political prisoners to their deaths in what came to be known as the riegn of terror
|
|
|
20,000 to 40,000
|
howm any peiopl were beheaded during the reign of terror.
|
|
|
15
|
what percent of nobles and clergy were executed during the reign of terror
|
|
|
15
|
what percent of middle class citizens were killed during the reigh of terror
|
|
|
peasants and sans coulettes
|
who were the majority of people killed by the rign of terror
|
|
|
corsica
|
where was napolean born
|
|
|
italy and nobles
|
where was napolean from and what was his family status
|
