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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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parapet |
a low wall to protect soldiers. |
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Golden Horn |
the portion of the Bosporus Strait that was close to the double wall of Constantinople built by Theodosius II (408-450), and the Gate of the Christians --a strategic location. |
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bombardment |
attack, assault |
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artillery |
mounted guns, cannons |
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fortifications |
protective walls, defences |
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tubble |
broken fragments of rock |
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stockade |
a barrier of stakes, often logs, driven into the ground side by side to make a wall. |
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to repulse |
to force away |
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slipway |
a platform that slopes into the water, often serving as a landing place. |
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stalemate |
a complete standstill |
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salvation |
divine rescue |
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calamity |
a terrible event |
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pillage |
plunder, robbery, and violence |
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charnel house |
a building full of bodies |
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relic |
an object that has survived from the past and has a religious association. |
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icon |
an image of Jesus, Mary, or the saints used in the Orthodox and Eastern-rite Catholic Churches. |
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compatriot |
someone who also is a citizen of your country. |
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ferocity |
extreme fierceness |
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cavalry |
soldiers trained to fight on horseback. |
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corps |
a formation made up of divisions. |
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battlements |
a low wall for defense at the top of a tower or wall. |
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breach |
break through; a break in a wall. |
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rampart |
a bank of earth used for defense. |
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to scale |
to climb |
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to intermarry |
in a historical sense, to marry someone from a different group, for example, a different nationality or religion. |
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irrigation |
supplying the land with water using artificial means. |
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Moor |
a European term to identify an Arab in Spain. |
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treaty |
an agreement or contract |
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to despoil |
to deprive by force |
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asylum |
protection |
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amnesty |
a general pardon |
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to convert |
to cause to adopt a religion |
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national identity |
the image a nation has of itself |
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scholar |
one who studies an academic |
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civil |
having to do with citizens |
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mercury |
a silver-white metal that is liquid at room temperature. |
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aqueduct |
a structure for moving large quantities of water. |
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caliphate |
rulership of a caliph |
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principality |
a territory ruled by a prince. |
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rhyming couplet |
two lines of poetry immediately following each other that rhyme with each other. |
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reconquista |
the reconquest |
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chivalry |
the qualities of an ideal European knight in the Middle Ages. |
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nationalist |
a person who believes in and identifies with his or her nation. |
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suit |
case |
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scholarship |
learning |
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intellectual |
one who is interested in knowing and understanding. |
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to persecute |
to harass to the point of injury |
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decadent |
having or showing declining morals. |
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metallic glaze |
a hard, glossy finish that contains and looks like metal. |
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haven |
place of safety |
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diplomatic |
tactful and skillful in dealing with people |
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emir |
title of Muslim ruler |
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hermit |
a person who lives alone in a secluded spot, sometimes for religious reasons. |
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friar |
a member of a religious order of brothers. |
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discrimination |
different treatment based on prejudice. Sexism and racism are examples of discrimination. |
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to banish |
to send away permanently |
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to expel |
to force out |
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financier |
one active in matters involving large sums of money |
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vassal state |
a state that is loyal to another state in return for protection |
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frontier |
the margin of a settled country or region |
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poll tax |
a fixed tax collected from each person |
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tribute |
money paid regularly by one ruler of nation to another |
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elite |
special, the best |
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rations |
a specified amount of food supplies |
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to mutiny |
to rebel |
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barracks |
soldiers' living quarters
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allegiance |
loyalty |
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civil service |
body of government workers |
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page |
young men who train while serving the sultan |
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bureaucrat |
an official in a government department |
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administrator |
one who oversees day-to-day affairs |
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zealous |
enthusiastic, earnest |
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hostel |
a reasonably priced or free accommodation for travellers |
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alliance |
a group of people or nations who co-operate for mutual benefit |
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battlement |
a low wall or fortification with open spaces for shooting |
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divan |
a royal room or court |
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bliss |
a state of pure happiness |
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to depose |
to remove from the throne |
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manoeuvrable |
easy to handle skilfully |
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musketeer |
a soldier armed with a gun |
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cavalry |
soldiers trained to fight on horses |
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corruption |
dishonesty, wrongdoing |
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inflation |
an increase in the amount of money being circulated resulting in a decrease in its value |
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mercantillism |
the theory that the economic interests of a nation as a whole are important |
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market |
the people who would want to buy a product |
