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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A myxoid fluid-filled pseudocyst on the extensor surfaces of hands and feet.
What is it? |
Ganglion (ganglion cyst)
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What is a Baker cyst?
Describe its pathogenesis. |
A synovial cyst at the popliteal space.
Arthritis (esp. rheumatoid) --> increase intra-articular pressure --> herniation of synovium through the joint capsule |
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What is the origin of tenosynovial giant-cell tumor?
What is the pathogenesis? What are the predominant cells? Name 2 subtypes. |
Originate form synoviocytes
Pathogenesis: Translocation of chroms 1 & 2 --> overexpression of colony-stimulating factor --> chemoattraction of macrophages The predominant cells: macrophages. 2 subtypes: 1. Diffuse - Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) 2. Localized - Giant-cell tumor of tendon sheath. |
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Compare and contrast Giant-cell tumor of tendon sheath with pigmented villonodular synovitis.
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They both are subtypes of tenosynovial giant cell tumor.
Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS): 1. diffuse involvement of joint synovium 2. pannus-like; and coats the entire joint. 3. arthritis-like presentation 4. common location at knee Giant-cell tumor of tendon sheath: 1. Localized 2. discrete, single mass presentation |
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What is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in adults? in children?
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Adults: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH)
Children: Rabdomyosarcoma |
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Which is the more common in soft tissue tumor?
1. reactive or neoplastic? 2. benign or malignant? Is sarcoma common? Aggressive? |
Reactive > neoplastic
Benign >> malignant Uncommon but very aggressive |
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What prognostic factors are used for soft tissue tumors? (4)
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1. cell type (morphology, IHC)
2. Grade (esp. mitotic count) 3. stage at diagnosis 4. location of tumor |
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What is the most common soft tissue tumor in adults?
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Lipoma
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A patient has an encapsulated tissue in the upper arm subcutaneously. The tissue resembles normal adipose tissue. There are no lipoblasts present.
What soft tissue neoplasm is it? |
Lipoma
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What is the diagnostic cell in liposarcoma?
List 3 subtypes of liposarcoma. Which one is most aggressive |
Lipoblast
3 subtypes 1. well-differentiated: indolent 2. myxoid/round cell: very variable behavior 3. pleomorphic - most aggressive |
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Nodular fasciitis.
1. what is it? 2. location? 3. gross morphology? 4. microscopic morphology? 5. clinical presentation? |
1. benign fibrous tissue tumor
2. deep dermis, subQ, muscle of forearm/trunk 3. Gross: nodular, poorly defined, can be invasive 4. microscopic: fibroblasts, pleomorphic, mitoses present; NO HYPERCHROMASIA OR NO INCREASED NUCLEUS/CYTOPLASM RATIO; BENIGN!! 5. rapidly growing mass, locally invasive |
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A teenager presents to the clinic with pain in the left triceps muscle that resulted from a blunt force. Gross morphology reveals gritty mass that resembles bony callus in the middle triceps musculature. Microscopic exam reveals fibroblasts that have undergone metaplastic conversion to bone tissue.
What is the disease? |
Myositis ossificans
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What is fibromatosis?
List 4 subtypes. |
Fibromatosis is a non-neoplastic, collagenous mass.
Subtypes: 1. Superficial Palmar fibromatosis (Dupytren contracture) 2. Superficial Plantar fibromatosis 3. Superficial penile fibromatosis (Peyronie disease) 4. Deep-seated fibromatosis (desmoid tumor). |
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What is Dupytren contracture?
Location? |
A superficial, palmar fibromatosis; thickened palmar fascia, tethered skin
Usually occurs on the 4th or 5th finger. |
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What is Peyronie disease?
Location? |
Superficial penile fibromatosis.
Usually located dorsolaterally on penis. |
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What is penile strabismus?
Associated with what disease? |
Dorsolateral curvature of the penis.
Usually associated with the Peyronie disease. |
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What is desmoid tumor?
Associated what 2 mutations? Which location is common in pregnant females? |
A deep-seated, benign fibromatosis.
Mutations in the APC gene, Beta-catenin gene Abdominal mass is common in pregnant females. |
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What is Fibrosarcoma?
2 common locations? Histomorphology? |
Fibrosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of the fibrous tissue.
2 common locations: deep soft tissues of extremities and retroperitoneum Histomorphology: 1.Herringbone pattern of spindle cells: densely interlacing bundles of cells 2. Pleomorphic |
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A patients presents in the clinic with a tanned nodule on the skin. MIcroscopic exam reveals storiform pattern of fibroblast-resembling cells.
What tumor is this? |
Benign fibrous histiocytoma.
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What is malignant fibrous histiocytoma?
Common location? Gross morphology? Classic microscopic morphology? 3 types of cells? |
MFH is a malignant fibrous sarcoma.
Common locations: proximal extremity musculature and retroperitoneum. Gross morphology: 5-10cm, gray-white to tan colored, hemorrhage/necrosis Classic microscopic morphology: storiform architecture 3 cell types: spindle, plump, giant cells. |
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What is Rhabdomyosarcoma?
Most common in what age group? Locations? diagnostic cell? 3 classifications? |
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant skeletal muscle tumor.
Most common pediatric soft tissue sarcoma (2/3 cases < age 10) Locations: head/neck, GU track, extremities Diagnostic cell: rhabdomyoblasts 3 classifications: 1. Embryonal 2. alveolar 3. pleomorphic |
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What is a sarcoma botryorides?
Which soft tissue tumor is characterized with sarcoma botryoides? |
Sarcoma botryoides is hollow viscera with rounded protuberances
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma |
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What is the most common neoplasm in women?
Common locations of this tumor? |
Leiomyoma
common locations: 1. Uterus 2. Erector pili muscle 3. walls of gut 4. deep soft tissue |
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What tumor is often caused by translocation of X and 18?
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synovial sarcoma
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What 2 different types of histomorphology exists in synovial sarcoma?
Describe each. |
Biphasic - classic; with spindle and epithelial cells
Monophasic - only spindle cells |
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What tumor is considered pseudosarcomatous? why?
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Nodule fascitis
Due to presence of plemorphic fibroblasts and mitoses. However, it lacks hyperchromasia or increased N/C ratio. Therefore, benign. |
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What is pilar leiomyoma?
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It is leiomyoma (benign tumor) of the erector pili muscle
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What are strap cells (aka tadpole cells)?
In what tumor, can you see these cells? |
Strap cells - elongated tumor cells with striations.
Can be found in rhabdomyosarcoma. |
