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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nicolaus Copernicus
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hypothesis-heliocentric model of universe, first, rotations, published right before death
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Tycho Brahe
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observed heaven, got data
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Johannes Kepler
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mathemation who used Brache's data to provide math proof for hypotheses, ellipses (Protestant)
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Galileo Galilei
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(Catholic) recanted ideas on proving Copernican theory, moons around planets, laws of physics (inertia)
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natural law
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universal moral law that like physical laws could be understood through reason
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thomas Hobbes
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natural law pro-absolute monarchy. human beings naturally bad. Leviathan. social contract to agree to give up freedom and live obediently under a ruler. peaceful and orderly. no right to rebel even if its unujust
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John Locke
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natural law- social contract, people are reasonable and moral, natural rights. two treatises of gov't. go't to protect natural rights, best wehen limited, if failed to protect rights, can overthrow.
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Madame de Pompadour
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ran famous salon
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Dens Diderot
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wrote encyclopedie, everything known, criticized Church and gov't, yes religious tolerance, banned, imprisoned
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Baron de Montesquieu
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helped encyclopedie, the spirit of laws. wrote of existing gov'ts. admired English gov't and promoted separating powers in branches. natural rights.
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voltaire
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candide. mocked church and royalty. loved enlish gov't (religious liberty/freedom of press) free speech.
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mary wollstonecraft
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equal rights for women.
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enlightened despots
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leaders wanted to bring political/social change. liked enlightenment. limited power, so mroe likable ang generational. frederick II (no torture, schools, industry, agriculture) Catherine II (said but not did) Maria Theresa (humanitarian, schools, free serfs) Joseph II (no serfdom, equal land taxes, middle class officials, freedom of press, less church property for hospitals, religious freedom)
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classicism
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simple ancient spirit (architectures, scuptor, painters, writing, music, instruments)
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Rousseau
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beauty of simple nature, anti-enlightenment, emile-society corrupt. give up rights for general will-the social contract
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Immanuel Kant
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metaphysics- spiritual issues. critique of pure reason. seperate worlds.
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John Weley
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Methoidism- anti-predestination, only batism/communion, salvation from actions, reject resson, believe in emotion/romance
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more religioon
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hasidism
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romanticism
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cultural movement celebrating emotion/individual. end age of enlightenment
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Elizabeth I
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Honored parliament, limited monarchy
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James I
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divine right, parliament mad, money broke, spent much, sold titles. puritans against him when wanted them to reform. king james bible
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charles I
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anti-puritan. divine right. dissolved parliament many times for no money. forced loans or jail, troops in homes, martial law- limitations on individual rights, ignored petition of rigth, whipped puritans. long parliament because war w scotland and ireland
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petition of right
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no taxes/loans w.o permission, no imprison w.o cause, troops not in hom w.o permission, no martial law unless war
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Cabaliers vs. Roundheds
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king vs. puritan/parliament
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oliver cromwell
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military comander. religious freedom. military rule.
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Charles II
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limited monarchy. Merry Monarch.secretly catholic. yes petition of right. constitutional monarchy. magna carta.
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James II
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Catholic. absolute power. ignored religious laws. appointed catholics
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habeas corpus
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no prison w.o just trial
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glorious revolution
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mary II and william III took power w.o fight. bill of rights (need consent for taxs/army, often, individual rights) act of settlemtn (no catholic throned)
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anne
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cabinet
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george I
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prime minister
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