Ss 3 Islam

Front 1

Messiah

Back 1

The deliverer of the Jews (Jews are still waiting for the Messiah “redeemer sent by God” )

Front 2

Prophet

Back 2

The person that is known as the ‘messenger’ of god, delivering them and passing the information onto the people (Mohammad, Jesus, Abraham etc.)

Front 3

Atheist

Back 3

Person that doesn’t believe in God (there is not god)

Front 4

Agnostic

Back 4

Person who believes that there is a higher power but doesn’t necessarily know about its form.

Front 5

Monotheistic

Back 5

Believe in one god (Islam, Christianity, Judaism.)

Front 6

Polytheistic

Back 6

The belief in more than one god.

Front 7

*•Islam

Back 7

Submission to god

Front 8

Muslims

Back 8

Followers of Islam, “those who submit to God.” Some Muslims believe everyone that came before Mohammad is a Muslim because they submit to God. (ie. Christians are Muslims).

Front 9

Allah

Back 9

Arabic word for God used by Arabic speaking people (Jews & Christians).

Front 10

Hegira

Back 10

(Medina becomes the 2nd holiest city)
The journey that Mohammed made from Mecca to Medina (the fled). The Qurash tribe kicked him out of Mecca, so they had to go up to Medina (Yatrib).
When they entered Yatrib, it was in war, Mohammad ended war. Then, he became a political leader. When the Islamic Calendar starts, the beginning of the Islamic era.

Front 11

Battle of Ditch

Back 11

(other conflicts that led to the taking of Mecca)
The battle of the Ditch was a battle between Meccans/Jews and Mohammad & his followers. Mohammad and his companions built a wall/trench so that the Meccans/Jews couldn’t defeat them, they had no chance of surviving if they chose to climb in and then out of the trench, therefore at the end, they choose to convert to Islam.
Meccans vs. Mohammad’s followers

Front 12

Koran

Back 12

“Holy book” of the Muslims, including 5 pillars. All of Mohammad’s revelation. People wrote down what he was saying. There are 2 sources to Islam, the Koran and the Hadith. The Koran was said by God and the Hadith was said by Mohammad (people wrote it down for him).

Front 13

*•mosque

Back 13

Holy place of Muslims where they pray and submit to god. (Like church=Christians, Synagogue=Jews).

Front 14

muezzin

Back 14

A man who calls to prayers in the minaret of the mosque.

Front 15

minaret

Back 15

The long tower that is part of the mosque (Where the man calls prayers).

Front 16

caliph

Back 16

The religious leader (chief) of the Muslims, known as the “successor” of Mohammad.

Front 17

Shia

Back 17

Iran & Iraq most countries. Leader (caliph) is by heredity.

Front 18

*•Sunni

Back 18

Split through, leader should be the “most knowledgeable of Islam”- The Caliph

Front 19

heocracy

Back 19

A system in which leaders rule by the name of God or a God.

Front 20

imam

Back 20

The person who leads prayers in a Mosque.

Front 21

Sharia

Back 21

The Islamic Law. Meaning (surrender [To the will of God] 2 types sharia is based on; those between human beings and god, and those among human beings.
Differences exist because of different geographical, social, historical and cultural contexts. In sunni islam there is no longer one Caliph to determine how to interpret it. Human interpretations. No longer a caliph (Ataturk god rid of it).

Front 22

Hejab/Tessetur

Back 22

The headscarf. Tessetur-new Turkish secular headscarf.

Front 23

Abaya/Burqa

Back 23

The whole covering. Burqa-colder climates.

Front 24

The Kaaba

Back 24

The square stone building in the center of the great mosque in Mecca, muslims have to face towards the Kaaba when they are praying, it has been built by Abraham.

Front 25

*•Juma (prayer)

Back 25

Friday Prayer Juma=Friday It’s very important, men HAVE to do it while woman, children, and ill people don’t.

Front 26

5 Pillars of Islam

Back 26

5 Pillars of Islam are:
1. God is the only leader and Mohammad is only his messenger-Shahada
2. Praying 5 times a day-Salat
3. Giving alms to the poor (a specific amount depending on your salary)- Zakat
4. Fasting (Ramadan, Eid etc.)- Sawm
5. If you are able to, then you should go to Mecca at least once in your life. - Haj

Front 27

Ramadan

Back 27

9th month of the Muslim year, when Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset.

Front 28

The umma

Back 28

Muslim community. This becomes more important than your family ties. Suicides believe in the Umma because the greater Muslim community that becomes more important than their family, this is why it is easy for them to leave their family behind and kill themselves, it would be better because it helps the Umma community.

Front 29

Fundamentalism

Back 29

Belief in a religion, where they strictly believe in it, literal interpretations of ‘holy book’ (Bible, Qur’an etc.)
Islam Fundamentalist= A Muslim who strictly believes in the Qur’an.

Front 30

Secular

Back 30

The opposite of religious or holy, believing in things that have no religious or spiritual basis.

Front 31

Jihad/Fatwa

Back 31

Jihad means “holy war” in self defense. Starts in the Nakhla raid. Muslims attacked a Quraishi caravan-succedeed. Spread by the sword. Battle of Hu, Mohammad was wounded. They said god was on our side. To sort out doubters from believers

Front 32

Mecca
630 Mecca becomes Islamic
Mecca

Back 32

630 Mecca becomes Islamic

Front 33

Medina

Back 33

First Constitution was made (where the rules of Islam were created). How people are going to be treated,

Front 34

Jerusalem

Back 34

Jerusalem is the holy land to all three monotheistic religions.

Front 35

Damascus

Back 35

Syria. after 4 rightly guided caliphs, this becomes the center of Islam. Where the caliphate is located will depend on which empire controls it, ie. The last Caliphate capital was the Ottoman Empire in Constantinople. IT WAS NEVER LOCATED IN JERUSALEN- if it HAD been, Muslims would DEMAND that Jerusalem be equally shared with Jews…now it is only ONE of many demands Muslims have.

Front 36

Mohammed

Back 36

Born in 570-632 CE. Founded Islam in 610 CE (he was 40 years old). He was raised by his mother, but they don’t mention that in the Qur’an, when he was poor, he became sensitive to issues of poverty (5 pillars-giving alms to the poor). Mom died when 6, raised by Bedouin wet nurse (spoke with Bedouin dialect). Fatimah (mohammad’s daughter) married Ali- started Shi’a branch.
“I am the seal of all prophets.” 613 was when he started to preach/ spread his word (When people started to follow him in Mecca). Died in 632 in his 60’s-natural death.

Front 37

*•Mohammad’s Revelation in the cave with Archangel Gabriel

Back 37

610 CE, fell asleep in the cave (above Mecca) and an angel appeared (people believed that he came as a spider) Angel told him to read, but Mohammed was illiterate (couldn’t read). He woke up and saw a man standing in the horizon. The angel reappeared to sent messages from God. He was illiterate and now he could read (& later write) made revelations with God at random times, (people wrote this revelations down and they are now written in the Qur’an.)

Front 38

Abu Bakr

Back 38

Mohammad’s good friend, First Caliph. First Imam (person who leads the prayers in the Mosque) He knew Islam best. He chose Umar after 2 years of taking over.

Front 39

Khalid ibn al-Walid

Back 39

Becomes military leader. Controlled territories by intermarriage. If you were a Christian or Jew, you wouldn’t need to convert to Islam, but if you were a pagan then they would force you to convert to Islam. He was from the Meccan tribe of the Qurayash-against Mohammad.

Front 40

Ali

Back 40

Cousin and son in law of Mohammad (Married Mohammad’s daughter, Fatimah) he ruled over the Islamic caliphate, Sunnis believe that he is the last rashidun (out of 4), while Shiias believe that Ali was the first Immam. This disagreement lead to the Sunni & Shiia branches.

Front 41

•Fatimah

Back 41

Mohammad’s daughter-from first wife Khadija. Married to Ali

Front 42

Aisha

Back 42

Aisha is accused of having an affair, cheating on Mohammad. Cases of adultery are dealt with today in Islam. Considered the mother of believers

Front 43

Current Events

Back 43

USA attacked Afghanistan because Al-Qaida (lead by Osama Bin Laden) attacked the World Trade Center. Afghanistan caused Iraq. Pull out of troops in Iraq because Afghanistan has a better chance of getting solved.
Woman are treated with no rights at all in Taliban controlled areas.
War in Afghanistan and Iraq. War in Afghanistan has been since 2001. Iraq- War has been going in for 7 years.

Front 44

War in Afghanistan (and Iraq)

Back 44

•Taliban (led by Mullah Mohammed Omar)
Fundamentalist Muslims (strict interpretation of Qur’an)
Northwestern Pakistan,
Pakistan=disaster, not able to control country. Pakistan has nuclear weapons, leader is Zar Dari

Front 45

Osama bin Laden/Sheik

Back 45

Mohammed + Al-Qaeda
Osama Bin Laden is no more a Saudi, he was a Saudi but the Saudi government had taken his citizenship. He is located somewhere in the mountains between Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Saddam Hussein was overthrown by US/Coalition of the Willing”. Executed by the Iraqi Government.
15 of the 19t hijackers were Saudis

Front 46

Kingdom of Saud (royal family:

Back 46

King Abdullah + King Saud [1st leader] or King Fahd [leader during Sept 11])