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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Neutrophils recruited to the GI tract during a bacterial infection express what type of molecule on their surface in order to recognize the site of active inflammation?
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A. Actin
B. Complement 5b (C5b) fragment C. Integrin D. Phospholipase |
Integrin
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What are organized areas of lymphoid tissue found primarily in the intestinal mucosa and submucosa of the ileum?
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A. Hassal's corpuscles
B. Ileal diverticuli C. Lymph nodes D. Peyer's patches E. White pulp |
Peyer's patches
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What type of molecules are involved in the recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharides by gastrointestinal macrophages?
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A. Intercellular adhesion molecules
B. MHC I molecules C. MHC II molecules D. T cell receptors E. Toll-like receptors |
Toll-like receptors
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Normal bacterial residents of the GI tract (GI microbiome) function as part of which arm of the immune system?
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A. Adaptive cellular immunity
B. Adaptive humoral immunity C. Innate immunity |
Innate immunity
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Which viruses are common causes of neonatal diarrhea in many different species?
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A. Arboviruses
B. Flaviviruses C. Retroviruses D. Rotaviruses |
Rotaviruses
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What feature distinguishes enterohemorrhagic strains of E. coli from the normal GI residential E. coli strains?
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A. Facultative anaerobe
B. Intracellular replication C. Lactose fermentation D. Lipopolysaccharide layer E. Type III secretion system |
Type III secretion system
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Which list best describes Clostridium perfingens?
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A. Gram-negative coccus, facultative anaerobe, motile
B. Gram-negative rod, obligate aerobe,spore-forming, non-motile C. Gram-positive coccus, facultative anaerobe, spore-forming, motile D. Gram-positive rod, obligate anaerobe, spore-forming, non-motile |
Gram-positive rod, obligate anaerobe, spore-forming, non-motile
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What component of MacConkey agar makes it selective for the growth of enteric bacteria?
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A. Agar
B. Bile salts C. Lactose D. Neutral red |
Bile salts
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What is the most common cause of neurologic signs and death in neonatal animals?
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A. Malnutrition
B. Hypoglycemia C. Intestinal parasitism D. Liver disease |
Hypoglycemia
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What is increased level of carbon dioxide in the blood?
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A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypercapnia C. Hyperglycemia D. Hyperchloridemia |
Hypercapnia
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All are groups of E. coli except:
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A. Enterodiarrheic (EDEC)
B. Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) C. Enteropathogenic (EPEC) D. Enteroinvasive (EIEC) |
Enterodiarrheic
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All are mechanisms of diarrhea except:
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A. Maldigestion
B. Malabsorption C. Hypersecretion D. Hypermotility |
Maldigestion
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Which of the following parameters is the indicator of a liver disease in a calf?
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A. ALP
B. AST C. GGT D. GDH |
GGT
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What is the most common finding in the CBC in a case of a prolonged illness?
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A. Lymphopenia
B. Lymphocytosis C. Neutrophilia D. Monocytosis E. Neutropenia |
Monocytosis
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What is a common consequence of omphalophlebitis in a calf?
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A. Exanguination
B. Sepsis C. Atresia ani D. Peritoneal adhesions |
Sepsis
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What feature of the abomasum of the newborn calf contributes to the ability of the calf to absorb immunoglobins from colostrum?
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A. A pH of 5.2
B. The presence of rennin C. The opening of the esophageal groove D. A neutral pH E. The presence of whey proteins |
A neutral pH
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Failure of esophageal groove closure will most likely resuly in which of the following?
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A. Abomasal ulcer
B. Ruminal impaction C. Depletion of rennin and failure of milk clot to form D. Rapid fermentation of milk and rumen bloat |
Depletion of rennin and failure of milk clot to form
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Which of the choices below represent the order of digestibility from most digestible to least digestible in the rumen?
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A. Lignin, hemicellulose, starch, cellulose
B. Starch, lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose C. Hemicellulose, starch, cellulose, lignin D. Starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin E. Cellulose, starch, lignin, hemicellulose |
Starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin
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Microorganisms in the rumen are responsible for fermentation of ingesta. What is the source of these microorganisms in the young calf?
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A. They are passed to the fetus in-utero
B. They must be given to the calf by the calf feeder C. They are ingested from the environment D. They are naturally present in colostrum |
They are ingested from the environment
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Intestinal absorption of Na+ via Na/glucose cotransporter occurs mainly in the...
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A. Duodenum and jujenum
B. Distal colon C. Jujenum and ileum D. Ilium and proximal colon |
Jujenum and ileum
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Which of the following would be considered a replacement fluid?
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A. A crystalloid with sodium and chloride concentrations similar to extracellular
fluid such as LRS B. A crystalloid w/sodium & chloride concentrations half that of extracellular fluid such as 0.45 NaCL with 2.5% dextrose C. Hypertonic saline D. 5% dextrose |
A crystalloid with sodium and chloride concentrations similar to extracellular fluid such as LRS
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You are presented with a 5 year old M/N Mixed breed dog (40kg) with a 2 week history of chronic small bowel
diarrhea and weight loss. On physical examination, he is 6% dehydrated, serum chemistry with electrolytes reveal no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate fluid plan? |
A. Use a replacement crystalloid with potassium added to maintenance levels
of 20meq/L, replace deficits over 24 hours. B. Use a maintenance crystalloid with potassium to maintenance levels of 20meq/L, replace deficits over 24 hours. C. Use a replacement crystalloid, replace deficits over 24 hours, no potassium should be added to the fluid. D. Use a maintenance crystalloid, replace deficits over 24 hours, no potassium should be added to the fluid E. Offer balanced electrolyte solution orally for 24 hours and reassess. |
Use a replacement crystalloid with potassium added to maintenance levels
of 20meq/L, replace deficits over 24 hours. |
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You are presented with a neonatal calf that is obtunded, in lateral recumbency, and w/diarrhea. I has a high HR and 12-15% dehydration. Which problems are likely present?
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A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypoglycemia C. Acidosis D. Hyperglycemia E. Hyponatremia F. Alkalosis |
Hypernatremia, hypoglycemia, and acidosis
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Which pair of terms is most useful for differentiating types of diarrhea?
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A. Intrinsic / extrinsic
B. Malabsorption / secretory C. Mechanical / traumatic D. Environmental / nutritional |
Malabsorption/secretory
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Which electrolyte abnormality is most concurrently observed with metabolic acidosis?
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A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypocalcemia C. Hypomagnesemia D. Hypercalcemia E. Hyperkalemia |
Hyperkalemia
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