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154 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the cut off for low vision?
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20/70-20/200
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what is the best visual acuity acceptable for vi services?
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20/70
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what are the 5 components that can be manipulated to help students with low vision?
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light, contrast, color, distance and size
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what are two conditions that dont' like light directly shined on an activity
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anaridia and albinism
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what does the hirschberg test do?
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it checks cornea reflexs (strabismus)
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what does the krimsky test do?
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checks for fixation by having the eye remaing steady and maintaine
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what does the unilateral alternating covering test do?
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checks for eye durn (exo-exo tropia)
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what does the base out prisim test do?
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it checks for small strabisusm by covering one eye with a prisms then checking the other, the eys shouldn't move
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what does the VOR stand for?
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vestibular ocular reflex
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whow do you test the VOR?
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by spinging in a circle with child and see how quickly their eyes stop
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what does the retinoscopy test?
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it helps find the right perscription lens for children
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how can you alter the play area for low vision?
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good overhead lighting
lamp for near tasks toys on contrasting shelf |
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where do you keep a lamp for near tasks?
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lower edge of the opaque shade is below eye level
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how can you alter the eating area for low vision?
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simple dishes
dimmer stiwch contrasting utensisl |
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how can you alter the bedroom area for low vision?
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dimmer swtich
color of the walls reduce clutter |
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how can you alter the bathroom area for low vision?
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controasting tub mat, mat on side of tub
reduce mirrored surfaces light in shower |
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what are the benefits/cons of sun light?
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diffuses light and enhcanes contrast
may make room uneven light |
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florescent light pros/cons
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high illumnation
flickers buzzes veiling glare |
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what are the two types of glare
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veiling and discomfort
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what are typoscopes used for?
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to reduce surcage glare and keep one's place while reading
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what are some simple devices to control illumination and glare
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lamps
visors side shilds sunglasses typoscoep |
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Name five tests for fixation an eye alignment used for infants
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versions test
hirshberg test krimsky test unliater and laternating cover test base out prism test |
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what are the three tests for papillary response, VOR and refractive erro for infants?
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swinging falshlight test
VOR Retinoscopy |
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what are the 3 behavioral test for vision in infants?
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contrast senstivity
depth perception visual fields |
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what are two elextrophysioligical tests used for infants and vision?
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visual evoked peoential (VEP)
electroretinography |
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what does VOR stand for?
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vestibular ocular reflext
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what does VEP stand for?
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visual evoked poetnital
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what 5 devices are used to test visual fields?
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amsler grid
conforntation test tangent screen perimetry maunal bowl computerized bowl perimetry |
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what two tests are used to test alignment?
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hirschberg test and the cover/uncover test
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what two tests are used to test color vision?
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isharara and farnsworth d15
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what are the three tonomotry instruments?
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schiotz tonometry
applanation tonometry noncontact tonomtery |
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what does tonometry measure?
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eye pressure
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what is a phoropter?
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it is the device used to create refraction through differnt lens srenths that are easily changed
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what does the goldman perimeter test? How?
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visual field testing by by displaying test lights of varying brightness and size
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what is a slitlamp used for?
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to see an optical cross section of the eye and inspect the cornea and the lens
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what is an ophthalmoscope
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an isntrument used to look into the eye to check the health of the retina and the viterous body . direct and indirect
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what is keratomyrery used for?
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it measure the curvaurate or the cornea
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what is a retinoscope used for?
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it tests the corrective options for refractive errorse once teh reflex is neutralized the proper perscription is discovered
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how is steropisis tested in infants?
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by doing a depth perectpion test as the child wears glasses and is presented with differnt reacting cards
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what does VEP test?
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brains waves done by a response from shapes
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what does an electroretinograph test?
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the electric response of the retina
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what is refraction?
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the bednign of light rays as it travedsl from one clear medium of a certian density to a clear medium of a differnt density: glasses
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what is a diopter?
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the unit of measurement of refraction.
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what is a sever number for dioper perscription?
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10
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what's a sphere lens?
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lesne that has a convex or concave surface.
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what's a plus lens? is it convex or concave?
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magnifies an image, for farsightedness. it is convex
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what is a minus lens? concave or convex?
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for nearsightnendss, it minifies and focuses light rays, it is concave
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what type of lesn is used to correct astigmatism?
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cylinder
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what cuases astigmatism?
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unsmooth corenea or mishapen eye
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a minus sign indicates:
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nearsightedness, myopia
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a plus sign indicates
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hyperopia or farsignedness
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what is does the presence of a cylindrical perscription indicate?
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astigmatism
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the astigmaistm pescription is most commonly writting with a ____ sign but somtiems a ___ sign
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minus
plus |
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does the cylindrical perscription indicate refractive errors?
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no only astigmatism
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after the plus or minus sign and a number, what follows the cylindrical lens perscription?
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a x or @ followed by the axis the lens is to be ground
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if the child does nto have an astigmatisms, what does the dr write
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their refractive perscription follwed by sphere.
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if the child has only astigmatism and no refractive error how is the child's perscription written?
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Plano and -# x #
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what is a prism lens perscription needed for?
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strasbismus
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what are the four terms that can be writtin after a prism lens perscription?
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BI, BD, BO, BU
Base in, down, out, up |
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is a prisim lens plus or minus?
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plus, it is normally not written
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why is an add lens perscribed?
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for bifocals
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is an add lens plus or minus
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plus
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if balance is written as an eye perscription what does it mean?
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the eye is non fuctional and a balnaced lens will be perscribed
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what is the abbreviation for left eye
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OS
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what is the abbreviation for right eye?
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OD
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what is emmetropia?
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no refrractive error
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how is emmetroipia idnicated on pescriptions?
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plano
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ACL
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anterior chamber lesn
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ARMD
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age related macular degneration
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BDR
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background diabetic retinopathy
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b.i.d.
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two times a day
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BVO
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branch vein occlusion
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Cat.
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cataract
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c(with a line over it)c
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with correction
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CC
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cheif complaint
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CF
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counts fingers
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CL
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contact lens
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CVA
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cerebral vasucalr accident
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CVO
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cetnral vein occlusion
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d.
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day
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Dx
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diagnosis
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ENUC
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eneuclated
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FC
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finger counting
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FHx
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has a family histroy of
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GL
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eyeglasses
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gtts
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eyedrops
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h.
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hour
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HA
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headache
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HM
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hand motion
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h.s.
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at bedtime
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Hx
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history
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IOL
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intraocular lens
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IOP
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introcular pressutre
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LP
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lightperception
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LProj
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light projection
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NLP
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no light perception
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OD
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right eye
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OS
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left eye
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OU
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both eyes
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PCL
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posteriour chamber lens
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P.D.
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pupillary distance
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PDR
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proliferative diabetic retinopathy
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PERRLA
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pupils equally round and reactive to light and accomodation
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PROS
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prosthesis
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PVD
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posteriour vietrous detachemnt
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q.
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each, every
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q.d.
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once a day
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q.h.
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every hour
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q.i.d.
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four times a day
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q.2h.
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every two hours
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RD
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retinal detachmetn
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RP
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retinitis pigmentosa
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RX
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precription
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s(with a line over it)c
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without correction
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sig.
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label
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Sx
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symptoms
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t.i.d.
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three tiems a day
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tono
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tonometry
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Tx
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treatment
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ung.
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ointment
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UTT
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unable to test
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VF
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visual field
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albinisim, cataracts, marfan's RP and ROP all have what type of visual problems?
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refractive erros
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what does a retinoscopy examine?
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determine the presence of refractive errors
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what does a keratopmeter do?
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it is used to measure the curvature of the two primary meridians of the corna
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What can be used to test visual fields?
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amsler grid, confrontation, tangent screen perimetry, maunal bowl and compterized bowl perimetry
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what does a direct opthalmoscope do?
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it provides a small field to view the retina
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what does an indirect opthalmoscope do?
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it allwos you to view the central and perimeral retina
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what does a slit lamp do?
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examines exteriror portions of the ey (corena, lens and anterior viteroous)
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what does the gonioscope do?
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is used with the slit lamp to view the filtration angle of the anterial chamber
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wath does the electroretinogram do?
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records info about the rods and cones (useful for RP)
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what does the electrooculogram do?
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inner movemnts of the eye, abnormalites of the retinal pigment epithelium
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what does a VER or VOR test measure?
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the electrail response of the viusal cortex
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glaucoma, macural degernation, albinism and optice nver probelms all have problems with what?
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contrast senstitivty
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what does the hirschberg test for?
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strabsimus
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what does the krimksy test for?
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fixation
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what are 3behavioral tests used for infants?
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contrast sensitivyt, depth percetption, visual fields
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Albinism
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astigmatism
fluxuating VA: 20/100-20/400 nystagums photophobia scotomas strabismus |
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Anaridia
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fluxuating VA: 20/200
nystagmus acuity peripheral field loss corresponding photophobia |
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Cataracts
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nystagmus
photophobia poor color vision strabismus visual acuity |
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Coloboma
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depth perception
Nystagmus Peripheral field loss may occur if in retina Photophobia Visual acuity |
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CVI
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central vision loss
fluxuating VA nystagmus nystagmus photophobia visual perception |
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Glaucoma
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fluxuating VA
peripheral loss poor night vision |
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Macular Degeneration
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central vision loss
photophobia poor color vision |
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ONA
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fluxuating VA
night vision nystagmus photophobia poor color vision visual perception |
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ONH
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Fluxuating VA
nystagmus variable field defects |
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Retinal Detachment
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blurry vision
central vision issues field loss scotomas strabismus |
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Retinoblastoma
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depth perception
strabismus |
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ROP
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field loss
scotomas strabismus visual acuity (myopia) |
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RP
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depth perception
night vision peripheral vision loss |
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Toxoplasmosis
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central vision issues
field loss |
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Usher’s Syndrome
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peripheral vision
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strabismus: what to test
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binocular vision and depth perception
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scotoma: what to test
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central vision
color vision |
