Spts 139 Ch. 4 Theories And Models Of Exercise Behavior Ii

Front 1

Stimulus-response theory

Back 1

- suggests an explanation for how people learn new behaviors

-identifies events that can follow a behavior and the effects these events will have on future behavior

- 4 event types: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, extinction

Front 2

Classical conditioning

Back 2

theory that a reflexive behavior can be elicited through repeated pairings of the behavior with an antecedent cue

Front 3

Antecedent cue

Back 3

cue that precedes a behavior in classical conditioning

Front 4

Instrumental conditioning

Back 4

principle that states that a new behavior can be learned, or an existing behavior can be changed, by pairing that behavior with a consequence

Front 5

Consequent reinforcement

Back 5

a reward that follows a behavior

Front 6

Positive reinforcer

Back 6

any intrinsic or extrinsic reward that increases the likelihood of a person repeating a behavior

Front 7

Intrinsic reinforcer

Back 7

reward that come from within the self, such as feeling good about one’s body, feeling a sense of accomplishment at the end of a workout, or simply experiencing the physical and emotional sense of well-being that accompanies exercise

Front 8

Extrinsic reinforcer

Back 8

motivation driven by a force outside the individual

Front 9

Negative reinforcer

Back 9

unpleasant or aversive stimuli that, when withdrawn after a behavior, will increase the frequency of that behavior in the future

Front 10

Punishment

Back 10

unpleasant/uncomfortable stimulus after a behavior that serves to decrease the probability of that behavior happening in the future

Front 11

Extinction

Back 11

withholding a positive stimulus after a behavior in order to decrease the likelihood of that behavior happening in the future

Front 12

Integrative approaches

Back 12

combine concepts from variety of theories and models to explain exercise behavior; includes transtheoretical model and social ecological model

Front 13

Transtheoretical model

Back 13

behavioral model that integrates elements from across a variety of theories and models of behavior

Front 14

Precontemplation stage

Back 14

person has no intention to start exercising in the foreseeable future

Front 15

Contemplation stage

Back 15

person intends to start exercising within the next six months

Front 16

Preparation stage

Back 16

person performs tasks that will prepare him/her for starting an exercise program

Front 17

Action stage

Back 17

person is exercising at recommended levels for health and fitness

Front 18

Maintenance stage

Back 18

person has been exercising at recommended levels for a prescribed period of time

Front 19

Experiential process

Back 19

techniques for increasing a person’s awareness of, and changing their thoughts and feelings about, themselves and their exercise behavior

Front 20

Self-reevaluation

Back 20

assessing how one thinks and feels about oneself as an inactive person

Front 21

Consciousness raising

Back 21

increasing one’s awareness and memory of physical activity benefits

Front 22

Environmental reevaluation

Back 22

considering how inactivity affects the physical and social environment

Front 23

Dramatic relief

Back 23

experiencing and expressing feelings about becoming more active or remaining inactive through exercise

Front 24

Social liberation

Back 24

increasing awareness of the social and environmental factors that support physical activity

Front 25

Behavioral processes

Back 25

in TTM, behaviors that a person undertakes in order to change aspects of the environment that can affect exercise participation

Front 26

Stimulus control

Back 26

controlling situations and cues trigger inactivity and skipped workouts

Front 27

Reinforcement management

Back 27

rewarding oneself for being active

Front 28

Self-liberation

Back 28

engaging in activities that strengthen one’s commitment to change and the belief that one can change

Front 29

Counter conditioning

Back 29

substituting physical activities for sedentary activities

Front 30

Helping relationships

Back 30

using support from others during attempts to change

Front 31

Decisional balance

Back 31

a model that reflects how people perceive the pros and cons of changing their behavior

Front 32

Descriptive studies

Back 32

Descriptive studies: studies that simply describe characteristics of a sample, or between variables within a sample

Front 33

Predictive studies

Back 33

exercise research that has attempted to predict future exercise behavior

Front 34

Intervention studies

Back 34

research that examines the effectiveness of some type of intervention strategy to change people’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviors regarding physical activity

Front 35

Social ecological model

Back 35

a model that takes the approach that individual-level factors are only one of multiple levels of influence on behavior

Front 36

Ecosystem

Back 36

system formed by the interaction of a community of living things with one another and with their physical environment

Front 37

Microsystem

Back 37

: immediate systems in which people interact; in a physical activity context, they are environments where people might be physically active or where they might receive support for being physically active

Front 38

Mesosystem

Back 38

location where interactions between the microsystems take place

Front 39

Exosystem

Back 39

all of the external systems that influence the microsystems

Front 40

Macrosystem

Back 40

encompasses all other systems; it’s the larger sociocultural context in which a person resides and includes cultural values, political philosophies, economic patterns, and social conditions