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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why do we use crossovers on our speaker system?
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Divide different frequencies to different drivers
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What are the three primary topologies (shapes) of crossover filters?
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Linkwitz-Riley, Bessel, and Butterworth
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Crossover filters affect the _________ and the ________of an audio signal
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Frequency, Level
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What is a Passive Crossover?
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Circuit board in speaker cabinet that crossover after the amplifier
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What is an Active Crossover?
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An external piece of hardware that crosses over before the amplifier
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What benefits does a DSP based Crossover have over an Analog Crossover?
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Control of slope, Control of shape, delay, and wireless tablets
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What is a dedicated crossover?
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Our speaker system only
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If i am using a stereo 4-Way system, how many Inputs and Outputs does my crossover need to have?
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2 inputs, 8 outputs
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If I am using a stereo 3-Way system, how many Inputs and Outputs does my crossover need to have?
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2 Inputs, 6 Outputs
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Define the term Bi-Amp as it relates to a speaker cabinet?
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Refers to a system that uses an active 2 way crossover with a separate amp channel for each frequency band
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Define the term Tri-Amp as it relates to a speaker cabinet?
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Refers to system that uses an active 3-Way crossover with a separate amp channel for each frequency band
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What is a Center Cluster of speakers typically used for?
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To add extra reinforcement for a primary vocalist or soloist
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What are Center Fills typically used for?
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To cover the front few rows of the audience
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What are Delay Stacks typically used for?
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Increase the dBSPL level for the furthest listeners
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Line Array Cabinets are controlled in zones of ____ boxes each
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4
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PA Zones allow the Engineer or System Tech to have control over ______ and ______ for each zone independently
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EQ, Level
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What does the term "Level Tapering" refer to?
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Reducing the level of the PA from the top to the bottom of the ray
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What are the 4 most common types of output connectors on amplifiers?
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Banana, NL-4, NL-8, TS
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What type of Neutrik Input Connectors does a 2 Way actively crossed over cabinet need?
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NL-4 2-Way
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What type of Neutrik Input Connectors does a 3 Way actively crossed over cabinet need?
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Higher Frequency Bands
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Higher numbered pins on an NL-4 or NL-8 connector are used to power....
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Barrel, Coupler
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Name three types of internal driver wiring within a speaker cabinet?
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Series-Parallel
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If I wire two 8 Ohms Drivers in Parallel, what is the load?
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4 ohms
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If I wire two 8 ohm drivers in Series, what is the load?
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16 ohms
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If I wire four 8 ohms drivers in Parallel, what is the load?
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2 ohms
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If I wire four 8 ohm drivers in Series-Parallel, what is the load?
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8 ohms
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Name 5 types of EQ filters found on audio consoles and system processors
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High Pass, Low Pass, Shelving, Parametric, Graphic
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What is a High Pass Filter used for?
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Used to cut out unwanted low frequency information
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What is the one user definable parameter on a High Pass Filter?
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Frequency
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What is a Low Pass Filter used for?
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Used to cut out unwanted High frequencies
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1st Order
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6 dB per octave
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2nd Order
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12 dB
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3rd Order
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18 dB
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4th Order
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24 dB
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What are the two user definable parameters of a shelving filter?
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Frequency and Gain
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What are the three user definable parameters of a Parametric Filter?
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Center Frequency, Gain, Bandwidth (Cue)
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Define the term "Octave"
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Doubling or Halfing a frequency
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What is the primary difference between a Shelving Filter and High Pass or Low Pass Filter
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High Pass and Low Pass only cut, Shelving can boost or cut
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What is the octave above 1Khz?
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2Khz
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What is the octave below 500hz?
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250hz
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What is the octave above 2Khz
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4 Khz
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Octaves are perceived by our ears as having equal ____
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Pitch
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What is the difference between the term Bandwidth and the term Q?
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2 different numerical scaled
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The higher the Q number, the _______ the filter
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narrower
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The lower the Q number, the ______ the filter
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wider
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Graphic EQ filters have a fixed bandwidth of ______ of an octave
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1/3
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Describe two situations where you could use a High Pass Filter
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Vocals, Overheads, High Hats
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Describe one situation where you could use a Low Pass Filter
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Effects Return
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Name three situations where you could use a Graphic EQ
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Ringing out monitors, Tuning FOH PA, Tuning a monitor wedge
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