Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
320 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pg. 46 - Math for Audio
What is the reference value for 0dBu (millivolts?)? |
.775 volts (775 millivolts)
|
|
What is the reference value for 0dBW (Watts)?
|
1 Watt
|
|
What is the reference value for 0dBV (Volts)?
|
1 Volt
|
|
What is the reference value for 0dBm (Milliwatt)?
|
1 Milliwatt
|
|
What is the reference value for 0dB SPL (Sound Pressure Level)?
Study math in book. |
.00002 pascals
|
|
Pg. 48 Power Generation and Distribution
Electrons have a ________ charge. |
negative
|
|
Protons have a ________ charge.
|
positive
|
|
Neutrons have a ________ charge.
|
neutral
|
|
Define the term "Free Electon"
|
able to move from 1 electron to another
|
|
Define the term "Conductor".
|
material that allows current to flow freely
|
|
Define the term "Insulator".
|
impedes the flow (current) of electrons
|
|
What three things does a simple electrical circuit consist of?
|
voltage source, conductor, load
|
|
What is the frequency (hz) of AC power generated in the US?
|
60Hz
|
|
50% of the power in the US is generated by what form of power generation?
|
Coal
|
|
Name 3 types of power generation other than coal.
|
Wind, Solar, Hydro (Water)
|
|
What is the Ohm's Law symbol for Current and what is its unit of measure?
|
I, Amps
|
|
What is the Ohm's Law symbol for Electromotive Force and what is its unit of measure?
|
E, Volts (V in Europe)
|
|
What is the Ohm's Law symbol for Resistance and what is its unit of measure?
What is the Ohm's Law symbol for Power and what is its unit of measure? |
R, Ohms
P, Watts |
|
A simple AC generator consists of five main components. Name three of them.
|
Magnet, Armature, Slip Rings, Brushes, and Resistive Load
|
|
According to Ohm's Law, if you increase the ________, the amperage (current) decreases.
|
voltage
|
|
All power plants worldwide generate ________ phases of power.
|
three
|
|
In a single phase power system, how many conductors are there, and what are their color codes?
|
4 Conductors
Green - Ground White - Neutral Black - Hot Red - Hot |
|
In a 3 phase Y power system, each hot leg is ________ degrees out of phase with the other hot legs.
|
120
|
|
In a 3 phase Delta power system, how many conductors are there and what are their color codes?
|
red, black, orange, white and green (high leg or wild leg)
|
|
If I have a 200 amp 3 phase disconnect at a venue, how many total amps do I have?
|
600 amps
|
|
What is the name of the industry standard connector used to tie your power distribution rack into a venue's disconnect?
|
Camlok
|
|
What is the tie in sequence when connecting camloks to your power distro?
|
power off disconnect, ground, neutral, hot, hot and hot
|
|
What is the disconnect sequence when unhooking your power distro at the end of a show?
|
power off, hot, hot, hot, neutral and ground
|
|
Once power is safely tied in, you are ready to start doing what?
|
metering voltages
|
|
On a 3 phase Y power system, voltage between a hot leg and ground should be?
|
120 volts
|
|
On a 3 phase Y power system, voltage between 2 hot legs should be?
|
208 volts
|
|
On a 3 phase Y power system, voltage between ground and neutral should be?
|
less than 1 volt
|
|
How can you make sure that your artist who sings and plays guitar isn't going to get shocked by his microphone?
|
meter between the guitar strings and microphone casing
|
|
Name three manufacturers of power distribution racks for the entertainment industry.
|
Motion Labs
Ramtech Applied Electronics Electrol Leprechaun ETC (Electronic Theatre Controls |
|
What are two types of over current protection devices used in audio equipment?
|
Fuse and Circuit Breaker
|
|
All circuit breakers perform 3 functions... what are they?
|
Sense, Measure, and Act
|
|
Name 2 causes of an overcurrent condition in a conductor of electricity.
Name the device on pg. 51 |
Overload and Short
400 Amp Disconnect Box |
|
Pg. 52 Audio Specification Sheets
Name 2 types of graphs commonly seen in specification sheets. |
Frequency Response and Polar
|
|
What does the term "Console Frame" refer to?
|
The number of mono input channels
|
|
Define "Maximum Input Level"
|
Maximum amount of voltage that can be applied to a console's inputs without clipping the preamp circuitry.
|
|
In order to maintain proper voltage transfer between pieces of equipment, your input impedance must be at least 10 times ________ than your output impedance.
|
greater
|
|
What is the typical input impedance of a professional audio console?
|
2000 Ohms
|
|
What is the typical output impedance of a professional audio console?
|
50 Ohms
|
|
Define "Audio Distortion"
|
Anything that alters a pure audio signal.
|
|
What does THD stand for?
|
Total Harmonic Distortion
|
|
What is the second order harmonic of 440hz?
|
880 Hz
|
|
What does "IMD" stand for?
|
Intermodulation Distortion
|
|
What causes Intermodulation Distortion?
|
When two input signals interact to create new, non-harmonically related output frequency.
|
|
Define musical "Dynamic Range"
|
The difference between loudest and quietest passage in a piece of music.
|
|
Name two types of amplifier input connectors.
|
XLR and TRS
|
|
Name two types of amplifier output connectors.
|
NL4 and Banana Plug
|
|
Most amplifiers operate in two different modes, what are they?
|
Bridged Mono and Dual Channel Stereo
|
|
T/F
Amplifiers output higher wattages when connected to lower impedance drivers? |
True
|
|
(Not on Test)
Define the term "Amplifier Slew Rate." |
A term used to describe how quickly the output of an amp can track it's input signal.
|
|
In class we broke speaker specs down into 3 categories. What are they?
|
Driver Specs
Bandpass Specs Cabinet Specs |
|
When looking at Sensitivity specs for a cabinet's frequency band, what exactly are you learning from that spec?
|
dB SPL output @ 1 watt, 1 meter
|
|
Name 3 types of internal wiring for drivers in a speaker cabinet.
|
Series
Parallel Series Parallel |
|
Define the term "Bandpass Impedance."
|
The wiring scheme and the drivers inherent impedance will determine the bandpass impedance.
|
|
What two factors determine the impedance of a loudspeaker driver?
|
Length and gauge of the voice coil.
|
|
If I wire two 8 Ohm drivers in series, what is my impedance?
|
16 Ohm
|
|
If I wire two 8 Ohm drivers in parallel, what is my impedance?
|
4 Ohm
|
|
Name 4 types of speaker cabinet input connectors.
|
NL4, NL8, EP4, EP8, TS, XLR (Powered)
|
|
T/F
Speaker cabinet frequency response becomes less directional at higher frequencies. |
False
|
|
What are audio horns used for?
|
To control the coverage pattern.
|
|
Pg. 55 Microphones for Sound Reinforcement
Name the two primary types of microphones used in sound reinforcement. |
Dynamic and Condenser
|
|
A microphone is a transducer that converts ________ energy to ________ energy.
|
acoustical, electrical
|
|
What are the three primary components of a Dynamic Microphone?
|
Diaphragm, Coil, and Magnet
|
|
Name two types of microphones other than condenser and dynamic.
|
Ribbon and Contact
|
|
Name the 5 most typical polar patterns for all microphones.
|
Omni-Directional
Bi-Directional Cardioid Hyper-Cardioid Super-Cardioid |
|
What is another term used to describe a Figure 8 polar pattern?
|
Bi-Directional
|
|
Cardioid literally means ________.
|
heart shaped
|
|
When using a cardioid vocal microphone, your monitor wedge should be oriented where in relation to the mic?
|
Directly behind the mic
|
|
Define the term Microphone frequency response.
|
Refers to how well a mic translates a given sound into electrical energy across the audible spectrum.
|
|
T/F
Most professional microphones have an output impedance of between 50 Ohms and 250 Ohms. |
False
|
|
Many vocal microphones have a rise in their frequency response. Why?
|
Used for vocal clarity
|
|
Name two settings that a condenser microphone will often have on the mic.
|
Pad, high pass filter, polar pattern, selection switch
|
|
Define the term "Transient Response."
|
A mics ability to quickly react to changes in air pressure.
|
|
T/F
Most professional microphones have an output impedance of between 50 Ohms and 250 Ohms. |
True
|
|
Define the term "Proximity Effect."
|
Increase in low frequency as a mic is moved closer to it's source.
|
|
Name two instruments on stage that you would typically use two microphones on.
|
Kick, Snare, Leslie Cabinet
|
|
Name 3 microphone accessories often used in sound reinforcement.
|
Stereo Mounting Bar
Shock Mount Wind Screen |
|
Name 4 stereo mic techniques.
|
Hand held
Stand Mounted Parabolic |
|
Name 2 buttons that you might find on a DI.
|
Ground Lift
Pad |
|
Math Stuff
Using a suffix to denote a 0dB reference value 0dBm = _________ 0dBW = ___ ____ 0dBV = ___ ____ 0dBu = ____ _____ 0dBSPL = ______ ______ |
milliwatt
1 watt 1 volt .775 volts .00002 pascal |
|
What is the threshold of human hearing?
|
0 dB SPL
|
|
How many full cycles per second is AC frequency?
|
60Hz - US
50Hz - Europe and other parts of the world |
|
What is Three Phase Delta?
|
Utilizes all 3 phases of power, but the phases don't share a common grounding point
|
|
All three phases are connected "___ __ ___" to form a ________, or a "_____."
For Three Phase Delta where is the ground tapped? |
"end to end", triangle, "Delta."
in between 2 of the 3 phases |
|
On handouts of microphones, know polarity, be able to associate picture of mic with what it is.
|
Do it
|
|
Define Polar Patterns
|
Refers to how a mic responds to sounds coming in from different directions.
|
|
Omnidirectional
|
"From all directions"
|
|
Figure 8 (Bi-Directional)
|
The first "directional" mic ever developed.
Very useful in circumstances where pickup of two separate voices in desired, such as an interview situation. |
|
Cardioid
|
Literally means "heart shaped."
The most common polar pattern in live sound. Most sensitive to sound coming in "on axis." Excellent rear rejection. |
|
Hypercardioid (Big bell in the back of pattern)
|
Highly directional, making it an ideal choice when side rejection is critical, but some rear pickup is acceptable.
Large rear pickup lobe, but it is attenuated by 6dB relative to the front. |
|
Supercardioid (Smaller pattern in the rear)
|
A highly directional polar pattern.
Has more of a rear pickup lobe than a traditional cardioid, but its side rejection characteristics are superior to cardioid. Supercardioid, rotationally symmetrical about mic axis, uniform with frequency. |
|
What is Audio Distortion
|
Anything that alters a pure audio signal.
|
|
Analog Audio Consoles Pg. 61
1. Name 4 Audio Console Manufacturers. |
Midas
Soundcraft Yamaha Mackie |
|
2. T/F Most professional consoles have separate mic and line level inputs.
|
False
|
|
3. A pad is used to ________ signals that are too “hot” coming into the console.
|
Attenuate
|
|
4. Name 3 scenarios where you may need to use the polarity button on your console.
|
Snare top and bottom, Miswired XLR, Feedback Control
|
|
5. Your preamplifier, or gain, is used to boost ________ level signals to ________ level signals.
|
Microphone, Line
|
|
6. Why would an engineer use an external rack of preamps when his console already has preamps onboard?
|
Used to sweeten the sound before it reaches the console.
|
|
7. Name 2 things you could use a direct output for.
|
Multitrack Recording, Effects Sends, Duplicating Channels
|
|
8. T/F A Direct Output can be set to Pre or Post EQ.
|
True
|
|
9. Inserts are most often used for sending and returning signal from what type of effects?
|
Dynamics Effects
|
|
10. How many EQ filters do most professional consoles have on each channel?
|
5
|
|
11. Name 3 types of EQ filters found on most consoles.
|
High Pass, Shelving, Parametric
|
|
12. What are the two user-controllable parameters of a shelving filter?
|
Frequency and Gain
|
|
13. What are the three user-controllable parameters of a parametric filter?
|
Center Frequency, Gain, Bandwidth (Q)
|
|
14. High Pass Filters are used to cut out unwanted ________ frequency information.
|
Low
|
|
15. T/F Aux Sends take copies of input channels and Matrix Sends take copies of output busses.
|
True
|
|
16. Name three external devices you would typically send signal to from an Aux Output.
|
Monitor Wedge, In-ear Monitor System, Time Based Effects Processor, Recording Device
|
|
17. T/F Multiple channels can be mixed to 1 Aux Output.
|
True
|
|
18. Give 1 example of how you would use a Mono Aux and 1 example of how you would use a Stereo Aux.
|
Mono Aux - Mono Monitor Wedge
Stereo - Stereo in-ear system |
|
19. What does LCR stand for?
|
Left Center Right
|
|
20. The typical throw of a channel fader on a professional console is ___ millimeters.
|
100
|
|
21. Define the term “Audio Subgroup”.
|
Post Fader, Unity Fader, Send
|
|
22. Define the term “Aux Send”.
|
Pre or Post Fader, Variable Send
|
|
23. Aux Master Inserts are typically used for inserting what two pieces of equipment?
|
Graphic EQ, Limiter
|
|
24. How can you utilize audio subgroups for recording purposes?
|
Talk about later in another class
|
|
25. Why are Audio Subgroup Inserts useful when you don’t have enough compressors?
|
Compress miltiple instruments by using a subgroup
|
|
26. T/F Matrix Sends can be set to Pre or Post Fader just like Auxes.
|
True
|
|
27. Name 3 practical uses for the Matrix.
|
Recording, Delay Stacks, Sub Systems, ALD (Assisted Listening Devices) systems
|
|
28. Why do we have an internal oscillator on our consoles?
|
For Component Testing
|
|
29. What does the term VCA stand for and how is it used?
|
Voltage Controlled Amp, it's a remote control for other faders
|
|
30. What is the difference between an audio subgroup and a VCA?
|
There is no audio routed to a VCA
|
|
31. What does a Mute Group do?
|
Mutes multiple channels with one button press
|
|
32. If an analog console is modular in its design, what does that mean?
|
Each input and output can be removed and replaced individually
|
|
33. T/F An audio console should only have one power supply connected to it at any given time.
|
False
|
|
Digital Audio Consoles Pg. 64
1. Name 3 digital consoles (Model Names). |
Yamaha
Digidesign Midas Digico Innovason Soundcraft Studer Allen & Health EAW |
|
2. Most digital console have their inputs and outputs in external racks called the
|
Stage Rack and the Front of House Rack
|
|
3. Define the term “Soft Patching”.
|
The ability to assign any XLR input to any fader on the console
|
|
4. One of the biggest benefits of digital consoles is that they have ________ and ________ on every channel.
|
Compressors and Gates
|
|
5. Having parametric and graphic EQ on the outputs of your digital console allows you to do what?
|
Ring-out monitors, tune FOH PA
|
|
6. Why is it so great to have internal time based FX processors in your console?
|
Store and recall the settings
|
|
7. Define the term “Virtual Soundcheck”.
|
Soundtracking with a multitrack recording, instead of a band
|
|
8. What are Scenes and Snapshots used for in the automation section of your digital console?
|
Used to store and recall console settings
|
|
9. T/F You can still use your outboard FX processors with a digital console?
|
True
|
|
10. Why is the ability to see your EQ curve visually beneficial for any engineer?
|
Helps visualize how many frequencies are being affected by EQ filters
|
|
11. What does the fader flip function allow an engineer to do?
|
Mix monitors from faders instead of knobs
|
|
12. What does GPI stand for?
|
Not on test
|
|
13. Name 3 things you can do with a User Defined Key on a digital console.
|
Tap Tempo, Mute Groups, Fader Flip, Changing Views on the screen.
|
|
14. Name 4 things you can do from the Offline Editor software of your digital console.
|
Patching, Channel Routing, EQ, Assigning Mute Groups
|
|
15. Name 3 ways that you can store the settings on a digital console (types of media).
|
USB Key, Internal Hard Drive, Compact Flash Card, File Server
|
|
16. Name 2 features that we are going to see coming out on future digital consoles.
|
System Processors on console, multi-operator consoles
|
|
17. Name 4 methods of live recording that we discussed in class (analog or digital).
|
Direct Out Multitrack, Stem Recording, Post-Fader Aux Sends, Matrix copy of the stereo buss
|
|
18. Why are 2-Track board mixes often disappointing to listen to after a show?
|
Certain instruments are louder than others … NOT ON TEST
|
|
19. Name 2 types of Hard Disk recorders discussed in class.
|
Task Cam 24/24, Alesis 24/24, HD 24
|
|
20. Name 2 software based recording devices discussed in class.
|
Pro-Tools, Nuendo
|
|
21. What does the term “Stem” recording refer to?
|
Recording sub groups
|
|
22. Name the three ways that you can make a 2-Track board mix from your console.
|
Matrix copy, dual stereo buss, post fader aux send
|
|
Dynamics Processors and Time Based Effects Pg. 66
1. Define “Attack Time” as it relates to the Envelope of Sound. |
The amount of time it takes for a signal to reach maximum amplitude.
|
|
2. Define “Sustain Time” as it relates to the Envelope of Sound.
|
The amount of time a signal holds at maximum amplitude.
|
|
3. Define “Decay Time” as it relates to the Envelope of Sound.
|
The amount of time it takes for a signal to decay by 60dB.
|
|
4. Draw a picture showing the Envelope of Sound and label each of the three sections.
|
a
|
|
5. What are the three most common meters on audio consoles both analog and digital?
|
a
|
|
6. What does dBFS stand for?
|
a
|
|
7. Name the 5 parameters of a compressor.
|
Threshold
Ratio Attack Release or Decay Output Gain |
|
8. Define the term “Compressor Threshold”.
|
The level at which compression starts to activate lllllll
|
|
9. Define the term “Compressor Ratio”.
|
The ratio of the change input level to the change in output level.
|
|
10. Define the term “Compressor Attack”.
|
The speed at which gain reduction is applied in response to a change in input level above the threshold.
|
|
11. Define the term “Compressor Release”.
|
The speed at which gain is restored to its original value when level drops below the threshold.
|
|
12. Define the term “Compressor Output Gain”.
|
The amount of gain applied to the signal “post compression”.
|
|
13. What two signals does a compressor graph compare?
|
Compares Input Level vs. Output Level
|
|
14. Limiters are defined as any compressor with an ________ or higher ratio setting.
|
8:1
|
|
15. Where in the signal flow chain are limiters used most often in sound reinforcement?
|
At the outputs of your crossover.
|
|
16. What are the 5 parameters of a gate?
|
Threshold
Range (Depth) Attack Hold Release |
|
17. What does the range (or depth) control do on a gate?
|
Sets the amount of gain reduction when the gate is fully closed.
|
|
18. When level is ________ and reaches the threshold, the gate opens.
|
a
|
|
19. Define “Gate Attack”.
|
Sets how long it takes for the gate to open once level has exceeded the threshold.
|
|
20. Define “Gate Hold”.
|
Sets the amount of time the gate holds in the open position.
|
|
21. Define “Gate Release” (or decay).
|
Sets the amount of time it takes for the gate to close once level drops below the threshold and the hold time has expired.
|
|
22. Define the term “RT60”.
|
The amount of time it takes for a signal to decay by 60dB.
|
|
23. Define the term “Pre-Delay” as it relates to reverb.
|
the amount of time it takes for the first reflection to arrive at the listeners’ position.
|
|
24. Name the 4 primary ways to create artificial reverberation.
|
Reverb Chamber
Plate Reverb Spring Reverb Digital Reverb |
|
Intercommunications Systems Pg. 69
1. What is a Two-Wire communication system? |
a
|
|
2. Name three major brands of “two-wire” party line intercom systems?
|
a
|
|
3. What is the pin configuration for RTS?
|
a
|
|
4. What is the pin configuration for Clear Com?
|
a
|
|
5. What is the termination value of an RTS two-wire system? (voltage + Ohms).
|
a
|
|
6. In the truest sense what is sidetone?
|
a
|
|
7. What is a Tally light used for and give a description of how it is used?
|
a
|
|
8. This communication allows simultaneous two-way conversations, that is one person can interrupt the other.
|
a
|
|
9. Give a description of a Matrix Intercom System.
|
a
|
|
10. What is the term that refers to the number of connections available to external devices from the Matrix?
|
a
|
|
11. Properly, it can be said that matrix intercom systems go back to the advent of what in 1892?
|
a
|
|
12. The ZEUS system only comes with one type of connector what is it called?
|
a
|
|
13. How many ports does a Zeus system have?
|
a
|
|
14. Lets say that we are using 24 Key panel’s on the ZEUS system how many crosspoints would we have?
|
a
|
|
Signal Processing Analysis II Pg. 71
1. Name 5 types of EQ filters found on audio consoles and system processors. |
1. HPF, LFP, Shelving, parametric, graphic
|
|
2. What is a High Pass Filter used for?
|
2. Removing unwanted low frequency information
|
|
3. What is the one user definable parameter on a High Pass Filter?
|
3. Frequency
|
|
4. What is a Low Pass Filter used for?
|
4. Removing unwanted high freq
|
|
5. List the slope in dB per Octave for the following Orders
a. 1st Order b. 2nd Order c. 3rd Order d. 4th Order |
a. 6dB
b. 12dB c. 18dB d. 24dB |
|
6. What are the two user definable parameters of a shelving filter?
|
6. gain, freq (boost, cut)
|
|
7. What are the three user definable parameters of a Parametric Filter?
|
7. center freq, bandwidth (octaves), gain (boost, cut)
|
|
8. Define the term “Octave”.
|
8. a freq ratio of 2:1; perceived by our ears to have equal pitch
|
|
9. Define the term “3dB Down Point”.
|
9. a doubling or halfing of freq
|
|
10. What is the primary difference between a Shelving Filter and a High Pass or Low Pass Filter?
|
10. the point where signal is attenuated by 3dB
|
|
11. What is the octave above 1Khz?
|
11. high and low pass can only cut; shelving can boost or cut
|
|
12. What is the octave below 500hz?
|
12. 2kHz
|
|
13. What is the octave above 2 Khz?
|
13. 250 Hz
|
|
14. Octaves are perceived by our ears as having equal ________.
|
14. 4kHz
|
|
15. What is the difference between the term Bandwidth and the term Q?
|
pitch
|
|
16. The higher the Q number, the ________ the filter.
|
16. On some consoles, your bandwidth control is labeled bandwidth, other consoles label bandwidth with a …; stands for quality factor
|
|
17. The lower the Q number, the ________ the filter.
|
17. More narrow
|
|
18. Graphic EQ filters have a fixed bandwidth of ________ of an octave.
|
18. More wide
|
|
19. Describe two situations where you could use a High Pass Filter.
|
19. 1/3
|
|
20. Describe one situation where you could use a Low Pass Filter.
|
20. vocal, overheads
|
|
21. Name three situations where you could use a Graphic EQ.
|
vocals
|
|
Crossovers Pg. 73
1. Why do we use crossovers on our speaker systems? |
a
|
|
2. What are the three primary shapes of crossover filters?
|
a
|
|
3. Crossover filters affect the ________ and the ________ of an audio signal.
|
a
|
|
4. What is a Passive Crossover?
|
a
|
|
5. What is an Active Crossover?
|
a
|
|
6. What benefits does a DSP based Crossover have over an Analog Crossover
|
a
|
|
7. What is a dedicated crossover?
|
a
|
|
8. If I am using a stereo 4-Way system, how many Inputs and Outputs does my crossover need to have?
|
a
|
|
9. If I am using a stereo 3-Way system, how many Inputs and Outputs does my crossover need to have?
|
a
|
|
10. Define the term Bi-Amp as it relates to a speaker cabinet.
|
a
|
|
11. Define the term Tri-Amp as it relates to a speaker cabinet.
|
a
|
|
Motors and Rigging Pg. 75
1. Rigging is the process of ________. |
a
|
|
2. Name the 5 primary tools a rigger uses to “hang a point”.
|
a
|
|
3. What is a “Sling”?
|
a
|
|
4. Name 3 types of Slings.
|
a
|
|
5. What are the three bow types for Shackles?
|
a
|
|
6. What are the three pin types for Shackles?
|
a
|
|
7. What are the three types of Rings used for rigging?
|
a
|
|
8. What does STAC stand for?
|
a
|
|
9. Why do riggers carry so much rope around?
|
a
|
|
10. What are burlap bags used for when rigging a point?
|
a
|
|
11. Who mandates that riggers wear Fall Protection Systems when working above a height of 6ft?
|
a
|
|
12. ________ are the most common types of load bearing support in arenas.
|
a
|
|
13. What are the 3 most common types of Hitches used to hang a rigging point from an I-Beam?
|
a
|
|
14. Name three ways that you can hang a load somewhere other than directly below an I-Beam?
|
a
|
|
15. Name two methods used to hang rigging points from I-Beams that are flush with the ceiling above them.
|
a
|
|
16. Name 4 types of Lifts used in the entertainment industry.
|
a
|
|
Crossover, Amplifier and Speaker Interface Pg. 77
1. What is a Center Cluster of speakers typically used for? |
1. reinforce vocals or a solo
|
|
2. What are Center Fills typically used for?
|
2. people in front of the stage before the main L & R hangs cover people in the 1st few rows
|
|
3. What are Delay Stacks typically used for?
|
3. increase the dB SPL for the furthest listeners
|
|
4. Label each subsystem on the PA graphic shown on pg. 77.
|
a
|
|
5. Label the PA graphic below with the Console Output that would feed each subsystem on pg. 78.
|
a
|
|
6. Line Array Cabinets are controlled in zones of ________ boxes each.
|
4
|
|
7. PA Zones allow the Engineer or System Tech to have control over ________ and ________ for each zone independently.
|
6. level and Eq
|
|
8. What does the term “Level Tapering” refer to?
|
7. reducing the level of the PA from the top to bottom
|
|
9. What are the 4 most common types of output connectors on amplifiers?
|
8. TS, NL4, NL2, Binding post, Banana plug
|
|
10. Name 4 types of Input Connectors for speaker cabinets.
|
9. NL4, NL8, EP4, EP8, TS, XLR
|
|
11. What type of Neutrik Input Connector does a 2-Way actively crossed over cabinet need?
|
10. NL4
|
|
12. What type of Neutrik Input Connector does a 3-Way actively crossed over cabinet need?
|
NL8
|
|
13. Higher numbered pins on an NL4 or NL8’s connector are used to power…
|
12. Higher frequency bands
|
|
14. What device could be used to connect to NL4’s or NL8’s together?
|
13. Barrel
|
|
15. Name three types of internal driver wiring within a speaker cabinet.
|
14. Series, parallel, series-parallel
|
|
16. Draw a parallel connection between the two drivers… on pg. 79
|
a
|
|
17. Draw a series connection between the two drivers… on pg. 80
|
a
|
|
18. If I wire two 8 Ohm drivers in Parallel, what is the load?
|
16. 4 Ohms
|
|
19. If I wire two 8 Ohm drivers in Series, what is the load?
|
17. 16 Ohms
|
|
20. If I wire four 8 Ohm drivers in Parallel, what is the load?
|
18. 2 Ohms
|
|
21. If I wire four 8 Ohm drivers in Series, what is the load?
|
19. 8 Ohms
|
|
Video Production Lectures 1 & 2 Pg. 81
1. Name the three “categories” of video production, as outlined in class. |
a
|
|
2. What does IMAG stand for? Provide an example of where you might see this style of video production.
|
a
|
|
3. What does ENG stand for?
|
a
|
|
4. What does EFP stand for?
|
a
|
|
5. What does NTSC stand for?
|
a
|
|
6. What is the resolution and frame rate for NTSC color video?
|
a
|
|
7. With regards to the television signal, what does luminance refer to?
|
a
|
|
8. With regards to the television signal, what does chrominance refer to?
|
a
|
|
9. In NTSC video, what is the IRE value for video black?
|
a
|
|
10. In NTSC video, what is the IRE value for “no signal black”?
|
a
|
|
11. In NTSC video, what timecode standard is used when it is important to know exactly how long a video clip is in hours, minutes, seconds and frames?
|
a
|
|
12. Name the three principle parts of a video camera.
|
a
|
|
13. What does CCD stand for? What does a CCD do?
|
a
|
|
14. Name the four primary types of transitions in video.
|
a
|
|
15. What specialized video monitor displays the luminance and horizontal sync information contained in the video signal?
|
a
|
|
16. What specialized video monitor displays chrominance information along with the Sub Carrier?
|
a
|
|
17. What is Flypack?
|
a
|
|
18. Define/describe what the follwing camera shots would look like if the subject was a single person:
a. Waist Shot – b. Close-up – c. Wide shot – |
a
|
|
19. Define the term “Headroom”.
|
a
|
|
20. Define the term “Depth of Field”.
|
a
|
|
21. Define the term “Perception of Depth”.
|
a
|
|
22. Putting a camera on wheels and pushing it toward the stage during a “live” shot would be an example of what type of Pedestal Movement?
|
a
|
|
23. What would be the Director’s instruction to a camera operator if the Director wanted the camera to be moved from House Right to House Left parallel to the front of the stage?
|
a
|
|
FOH and Monitor Engineering Pg. 84
1. Name 5 items you’d find in an audio engineer’s toolkit. |
a
|
|
2. Name 3 responsibilities of a FOH Engineer.
|
a
|
|
3. Name 4 things a FOH Engineer would do during the setup process.
|
a
|
|
4. Why don’t we use very fast attack times on drum compression?
|
a
|
|
5. Name three instruments that you typically don’t pan away from center when mixing.
|
a
|
|
6. Why do you want all of your FX returns to be assigned to a VCA or a Mute Group?
|
a
|
|
7. Name 2 benefits of driving your subwoofer off of an Auxiliary.
|
a
|
|
8. When mixing FOH and Monitors from the FOH position, you should give EQ priority to the ________ mix.
|
a
|
|
9. Name 4 responsibilities of a Monitor Engineer.
|
a
|
|
10. Define the term “Power Lock” as it relates to wireless microphones and IEM’s.
|
a
|
|
11. One of the most unpleasant aspects of being a monitor engineer is?
|
a
|
|
12. T/F You should always put your cue wedge on a road case as close to your ear as possible.
|
a
|
|
13. What is the primary difference between a powered and an unpowered monitor wedge?
|
a
|
|
14. Why do monitor engineers run their gain structure hotter than FOH engineers?
|
a
|
|
15. T/F There is little to no potential for feedback when your artists are using IEM’s.
|
a
|
|
16. What is a Tap Check?
|
a
|
|
Snake & Splitter Systems Pg. 58
1. Name 2 companies that manufacture touring splitter systems. |
Whirlwind
Ramtech Radial |
|
2. How many times can an analog splitter split your input signal before causing signal degradation and impedance problems?
|
3
|
|
3. Name 4 types of audio signal splitting.
|
Parallel/Direct/Main
Transformer Isolated Active Digital |
|
4. Which two forms of signal splitting are considered to be “passive” in nature?
|
Parallel transformer isolated
|
|
5. Name the 4 major components of an analog splitter system.
|
Subsnake
Main Splitter Rack Multipin Cable Multipin to XLR Fanout |
|
6. Name 3 things that an Audio Transformer can do.
|
Step Up or Step Down Signal Voltage
Increase or Decrease the impedance of a circuit Convert signal from Balanced to Unbalanced or vice versa Black DC current while allowing AC to flow Electrically isolate one piece of audio equipment form another |
|
7. What does the term “DA” stand for?
|
Distribution Amplifier
|
|
8. What does a “DA” do?
|
Duplicates the signal
|
|
9. Name 3 companies that manufacture multi-pin connectors.
|
Whirlwind
Ramtech EDAC |
|
10. On a touring splitter system, the console that is to provide phantom power to the microphones must be connected to which split?
|
Parallel split
|
|
11. T/F A digital splitter can split your audio signal an infinite number of times in theory.
|
True
|
|
12. How many balanced and shielded lines does a W1 have?
|
12
|
|
13. How many balanced and shielded lines does a W2 have?
|
18
|
|
14. How many balanced and shielded lines does a W3 have?
|
40
|
|
15. How many balanced and shielded lines does a W4 have?
|
58
|
|
16. Name 3 problems with analog splitter systems.
|
Limited number of splits, heavy copper cabling, copper acts as a big antenna
|
|
17. What type of digital splitter is used at FSL1?
|
Whirlwind E-Snake
|
|
18. What is the name of the underlying network technology that allows the digital splitter at FSL1 to operate effectively?
|
Cobranet
|
|
19. Name 2 console manufacturers that make cobranet input cards for their digital consoles.
|
Yamaha and Soundcraft
|
|
20. Name two splitter related items often used in permanent install facilities.
|
Your pocket and wall plate
|
|
21. What is the name of the piece of equipment used to send audio feeds to media outlets and news organizations?
|
Whirlwind press box
|
|
22. Name 3 ways you might fix a buzz or hum on a channel in your splitter.
|
Lift ground on splitter box, lift ground on , inline isolation transformer
|
|
23. If you have a splitter with 48 Input Channels and 8 Return Lines, how many pins do you need on your multipin cable?
|
168
|