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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 13 essential nutrients of plants?
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nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc
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What is double fertilization?
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The sperm whose nucleus fuses with the egg will become the zygote and then a new plant. The nucleus of the second sperm fuses with two other nuclei to become a triploid nucleus. The cell containing this triploid nucleus will divide by mitosis to become endosperm, the food source for the zygote as it develops before it sprouts or germinates.
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What is auxin?
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A plant hormone which is responsible for phototropism and the action of the plant bending toward light sources.
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What is cytokinin?
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A plant hormone which promotes cell division and is involved in cell growth and differentiation.
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What is ehtylene?
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A plant hormone that ripens and ages plants and causes the opening of flowers and abscission of leaves.
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What is gibberlin?
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A plant hormone which promotes stem elongation and mobilization of food reserves.
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What is the difference between short-day and long-day plants?
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Short-day and long-day plants exhibit a response to photoperiodism or the changes in light and ark in a twenty-four hour cycle. Short-day plants form flowers when they days become shorter than a critical length while long-day plants form flowers when the days become longer than a critical length. Short-day plants bloom in late summer or autumn in middle latitudes.
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What is connective tissue?
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A fibrous type of animal tissue that is made up of cells separated by non-living material. It gives shape to organs and holds them in place.
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What is muscle tissue?
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A type of animal tissue that functions to produce force and cause motion.
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What is nervous tissue?
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A type of animal tissue that form the brain and spinal cord in the central nervous system and forms the cranial nerves and spinal nerves in the peripheral nervous system.
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What is epithelial tissue?
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A type of animal tissue that provides a barrier between the external environment and the organ it covers. It may also be specialized to function in secretion and absorption.
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What is the circulatory system?
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One of the eleven organ systems that pumps and channels blood to and from the body and lungs from the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
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What is the digestive system?
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One of the eleven organ systems that is responsible for digestion and processing food with salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines, rectum, and anus.
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What is the endocrine system?
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One of the eleven organ systems that communicates within the body using hormones made by endocrine glands.
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What is the integumentary system?
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One of the eleven organ systems that produces skin, hair, fat, and nails.
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What is the lymphatic system?
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One of the eleven organ systems that is made up of structures involved in the transfer of lymph between tissues and the blood stream, the lymph, and the nodes and vessels that transport it including the immune system.
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What is the muscular system?
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One of the eleven organ systems that is responsible for movement for muscles.
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What is the nervous system?
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One of the eleven organ systems that collects, transfers, and processes information with brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and nerves.
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What is the reproductive system?
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One of the eleven organ systems that include the sex organs, such as ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis.
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What is the respiratory system?
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One of the eleven organs that include organs that are used for breathing; pharynx, larynx, trachea, branch, lung, and diaphragm.
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What is the skeletal system?
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One of the eleven organ systems used for structural support and protection with bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons.
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What is the urinary system?
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One of the eleven organ systems that include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra which are involved in fluid balance, electrolyte balance, and excretion of urine.
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What are the sensory neurons?
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One of the three types of neurons that create the feelings of touch, odor, taste, sound, and vision.
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What are interneurons?
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One of the three types of neurons that send signals through sensory neurons and other interneurons. The human brain contains about 100 billion.
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What are motorneurons?
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One of the three types of neurons that transmit impulses to muscles and glands.
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What is sensory input?
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One of the three roles of the CNS which includes the process of sensory receptors gathering information about the internal and external environments and convert it to a form which can be used by this animal.
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What is motor input?
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One of the three roles of the CNS which includes the process of conduction of signals from the integration centers to effector walls.
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What is integration?
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One of the three roles of the CNS that is interpreted and associate with the bodies appropriate response.
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What are resting potentials?
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The relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells.
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What are graded potentials?
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A transient localized change in the potential difference across a cell surface membrane.
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What are action potentials?
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A short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls.
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How does myelin affect impulse speed?
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Myelin increases electrical resistance across the cell membrane by a factor of 5,000 and decreases capacitance by a factor of 50. Thus, myelination helps prevent the electrical current form leaving the axon.
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What is a synapse?
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A junction that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell.
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What is the central nervous system?
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The part of the nervous system that integrates the information that it receives from and coordinates the activity of all parts of the bodies of bilaterian animals.
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What is the peripheral nervous system?
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The part of the nervous system that connects the central nervous system to the limbs and organs.
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Describe the frontal lobe and location.
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Executive function, thinking, planning, organizing, and problem solving; emotions and behavioral control; personality. A
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Describe the temporal lobe and location.
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memory, understanding, language. B
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Describe the occipital lobe and location.
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vision. C
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Describe the parietal lobe and location.
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Perception, making sense of the world, arithmetic, spelling. D
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Describe the sensory cortex and location.
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Sensations. E
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Describe the motor cortex and location.
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Movement. F
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Describe the reflex arc.
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The neural pathway that mediates a reflex action.
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Describe how we smell.
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The air passes through the nasal cavity and through a thick layer of mucous to the olfactory bulb. The smells are recognized here because each small molecule fits into a nerve cell like a puzzle piece. The cell then sends signals to the brain via the olfactory nerve.
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Describe how we taste.
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Inside, the mouth there are approximately ten thousand taste buds. Each taste bud contains about fifty to one hundred receptor cells. Each of these cells has a long, hair-like protusion that extends from a small opening where it comes into contact with food chemicals, it tastes. Once stimulated, these cells send nerve impulses containing the taste information tot he brain, where the signals are interpreted in several areas of the cerebral cortex.
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Describe how we see.
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Rays of light enter our eyes and hit the lens present in the eye. These rays excite the nervous, which carry messages to the brain. The brain then understands what the eye is trying to tell and see the object that the eye was looking at.
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