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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the main route of transmission for B. henselae to people
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cat scratches
- infected flea feces or infected cat blood under claws cat bites less likely |
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Bartonella spp
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gram neg bacillus or coccobacillus
survives intracellularly (so persistent infections common) |
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B. hensalae lives where
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lives in RBC and endothelial cells
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true or false
persistent bacteremia typically causes disease in reservoir species |
false
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true or false
natural hoss will become sick when exposed |
false
usually non-natural hosts become sick |
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describe cat to cat transmission
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flea ingests bartonella in blood from infected cat
bartonella amplified in flea gut bartonella excreted in flea feces (at least 9 days) - lands on new cat flea bites new cat, bartonella from feces infects wound, cat becomes bacteremic |
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risk factors for bartonella infection in cats
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flea infestation
warm climates with high precipitation going outdoors exposure to other cats |
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risk factors for dog infection with bartonella
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heavy flea/tick infestation
exposure to cattle living in rural area roaming herding breeds multi-dog household higher precipitation southern US California proximity to coast |
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when are most cases of bartonellosis
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July to January (takes a while to develop seropositivity)
related to - flea/tick season - kittens maturing to juveniles (more playful) - spending more time inside with people |
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risk factors for humans developing bartonellosis
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cat scratches
ownership of young cats tick exposure |
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gold standard for dx
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culture
can be falsely neg b/c of cyclic bacteremia |
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criteria for dx
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clinical signs
exclusion of other causes positive culture &/or PCR response to appropriate antibiotics |
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why use serology
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a negative will help rule out
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what is a is a severe complication seen in mid-age or older large breed dogs
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endocarditis (targeting aortic valve)
acute or chronic |
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a dog has a positive IFA serology.
What is your next step |
confirm with PCR
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why is serology (IFA) not always helpful in cats
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high seroprevalence in healthy cats
can be used to help rule out |
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human dx
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no gold std
hx contact with cat serology - single positive IFA or EIA titer for IgM or IgG is diagnostic if consistent history (exposure to cat) culture (doesn't grow on norm media) PCR |
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which of the following is appropriate advice for prevention
1. flea and tick prevention 2. encourage immunocompromised people to get rid of cats 3. keep all cats outdoors 4. treat all positive cats 5. emphasize hygiene and gentle play to immunosuppressed owners 6. keep all cats indoors 7. euthanize positive cats 8. recommend kittens from reptuable breeders to immunocompromised people |
1. flea/tick control
5. emphasize hygiene and gentle play (immunosuppressed) |
