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31 Cards in this Set
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The scrotum
face axilla and scalp are far more |
Permeable and may require less drug for equivalent effect.
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Resistance to topical corticosteroids can sometimes be overcome by
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Use of higher concentrations of drug.
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"local half-life" may be long enough to permit once-daily application of drugs with short systemic half-lives
Why is this? |
The skin acts as a reservoir for many drugs.
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This method of physical Tx is
Extremely effective in maximizing efficacy. |
Occlusion
application of a plastic wrap to hold the drug and its vehicle in close contact with the skin |
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Acute inflammation is treated with?
A): aqueous drying preparations or B): hydrating agents whereas chronic inflammation is treated with? A): aqueous drying preparations or B): hydrating agents |
Aqueous Drying Preparations (Acute)
Hydrating Agents (Chronic) |
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Active against gram+ cocci
including staphylococci and streptococci and is primarily used for the treatment of minor skin and ocular infections Often combined with polymixin or neomycin in ointments and creams. |
Bacitracin
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Effective against impetigo
and inhibits most Beta hemolytic streptococci including most strains of S. Pyogenes It is also used to eradicate nasal colonization of MRSA in infected adult patients and in health care workers. |
Mupirocin
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Active against most gram - bacilli except Proteus species
but produces considerable nephrotoxicity when given parenterally Given topically to the skin or for ocular infections. |
Polymyxin B
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Works against Staphylococci and gram - bacilli
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Neomycin
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Active against gram + cocci
anaerobic organisms Also used against Penacillin resistant streptococci including necrotizing fascitis. Activity against P. Acnes. |
Clindamycin
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A macrolide antibiotic used for acne vulgaris.
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Erythromycin
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Effective against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa s/a amebiasis
giardiasis and trichomoniasis Also used for guinea worm infection and acne rosacea May act as an anti-inflammatory agent by direct effect on neutrophil cellular function. |
Metronidazole
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Available for topical application as a cream or
lotion and as vaginal cream or suppositories for use in vulvovaginal candidiasis What drugs? Candida infections dermatophyte infections or both? |
Miconazole and clotrimazole
both |
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Highly active against dermatophytes but less active against yeasts
Available as 1% creams and other forms for the topical treatment of dermatophytosis |
Terbinafine
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Candida Infections of the mouth and GI tracts
Limited to topical treatment of cutaneous and mucosal candida infections because of its narrow spectrum |
Nystatin
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Alternative treatment for onychomycosis of the fingernails
need to do LFT's and CBC with platelets monthly during treatment |
Terbinafine
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An immunomodulator approved for the treatment of external genital and perianal warts in adults
actinic keratoses on the face and scalp and biopsy-proven primary basal cell carcinomas |
Imiquimod
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Stimulate peripheral mononuclear cells to release interferon-α and to stimulate macrophages to produce interleukins -1
interleukins -6 interleukins -8 tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) Applied for a set amount of time according to the lesion and then washed off. |
Imiquimod
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Toxic nerve agents used for lice and scabies infestations
Require the use of nit combs for lice infestation Left on for up to12 hours for scabies and 4-10 minutes for lice. |
Permethrin and lindane
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Should induce slight erythema with mild peeling
First 4–6 weeks of therapy comedones not previously evident may appear and give the impression that the acne has been aggravated by the retinoic acid With continued therapy the lesions will clear |
Topical retinoic acid
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A synthetic retinoid currently restricted to the oral treatment of severe cystic acne that is recalcitrant to standard therapies.
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Isotretinoin
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A significant risk in patients taking isotretinoin;
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Teratogenicity
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Teratogenicity means of birth as in birth defects.
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Among the most common topical medications prescribed by dermatologists and are readily available in the over-the-counter acne market as well
A decrease in the bacterial population and an accompanying decrease in the hydrolysis of triglycerides. |
Benzoyl peroxide
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Widely used in the treatment of inflammatory acne.
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Tetracyclines
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A vitamin D analog
is used twice daily for plaque psoriasis Initially patients are treated with twice daily corticosteroids plus this medicine twice daily This rapidly clears the lesions. |
Calcipotriene ointment 0.005%
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Usually CANNOT be applied to
groin face due to irritation Treatment of extensive psoriasis with this med may result in hypercalcemia Incompatible w many topical corticosteroids so if it is used it must be applied at different times. |
Calcipotriene
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These Dz are most responsive to what Rx
Derm problems most responsive to: Atopic dermatitis Seborrheic dermatitis Lichen simplex chronicus Pruritus Ani later phase of allergic contact dermatitis later phase of irritant dermatitis Psoriasis of genitalia and face |
Derm problems most responsive to
Corticosteroids. |
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Compared to hydrocortisone this
glucocorticoid Rx 30x potent. What is the Name? |
Triamcinolone
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this class of Rx has these Topical Effects of:
Irritation drying of the skin impaired wound healing ulcers if poor circulation. |
Topical Effects of
Corticosteroids |
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More likely with higher potency agents
HPA suppression increased blood glucose buffalo hump moon facies fat redistribution osteoporosis and psychosis. |
Systemic corticosteroid effects
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Applied by the patient twice daily 3 consecutive days a week for cycles of 4-6 weeks
Multiple cycles of treatment are often necessary Useful only to treat genital warts It is ineffective for common warts and plantar warts. |
Podophyllum resin
& Podofilox for treatment of Condyloma Acuminatum. |
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