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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three different sections of the hair follicle?
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Infundibulum - upper portion of follicle
Isthmus - middle portion of follicle (begins below sebaceous duct to arrector pili muscle attachment) Bulbar (inferior) - lower 1/3 of follicle (includes hair bulb and matrix) |
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What are the layers of the hair follicle at the level of the isthmus?
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From outermost to innermost:
Outer root sheath Inner root sheath (Henley's layer, Huxley's layer) Shaft (Cuticle, cortex, +/-medulla) |
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What hair colors are caused by eumelanin?
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Brown and black
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What hair colors are caused by phaeomelanin?
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Blonde and auburn
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What are some causes of premature graying without family history?
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Pernicious anemia, aging syndromes (Progeria, Werner)
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What is the malignancy most associated with acanthrosis nigrans? What else should be considered on ROS?
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gastric adenocarcinoma
type II diabetes (insulin resistance) |
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What are the malignancies most associated with tripe palms?
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GI (35%)
Lung (11%) |
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What are the clinical features of Bazex syndrome (acrokeratosis paraneoplastica)?
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Progressive erythema, scaling and keratoderma on hands and feet with common paronychia
Sudden onset |
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What is the malignancy associated with Bazex syndrome (acrokeratosis paraneoplastica)?
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Squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract
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What is the sign of Leser-Trelat? What should be covered on ROS?
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1) Sudden onset of multiple sebborheic keratoses
2) GI and GU adenocarcinoma |
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What malignancy is typically seen with necrolytic migratory erythema?
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Glucagonoma (alpha cell cancer)
50% of patients have liver met at time of dx Make definitive dx of NME via biopsy |
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What are the clinical presentations of necrolytic migratory erythema?
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Widespread irregular erythematous plaques favoring groin, trunk and periorificial sites
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What is the Trousseau sign and what disorder is it associated with?
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Superficial thrombophlebitis
Associated with necrolytic migratory erythema |
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How do malignancies cause inflammatory skin lesions?
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underlying malignancy stimulates immune response that spills over to skin and causes inflammation
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Where are lesions typically located in Sweet's syndrome?
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Dorsal wrist and hands
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What is the malignancy most associated with Sweet's syndrome?
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AML
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What is the malignancy most associated with pyoderma gangernosum?
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Myeloproliferative disorders
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What are the characteristic findings of erythema gyratum repens?
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Migrating figurate erythema with "wood grain" appreance (concententric annular erythematous bands with mild scaling)
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What is the malignancy most associated with erythema gyratum repens?
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Lung cancer
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What is Gottron's sign?
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thickening erythema at knuckles associated with dermatomyositis
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What is the heliotrope sign?
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Lilac rash symmetric about nose and cheeks
Associated with dermatomyositis |
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Childhood dermatomyositis is associated with malignancy, true or false?
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false
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Dermatomyositis is predictive of what malignancies?
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Lung, ovarian, breast, stomach
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Dermatomyositis predates malignancy by ___ years
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1-2
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What is acute onset vitligo associated with?
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Melanoma
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What is the pathophysiology of acute onset vitligo?
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Condition occurs due to immune spillover against primary melanocyte tumor
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What malignancy is erythroderma associated with?
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Hematopoietic and solid tumors
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Chronic, unexplained pruritus is associated with this type of malignancy
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lymphoma (screen by CBC, look for paraproteinemia)
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When should you expect a malignancy with a patient presenting with carcinoid syndrome?
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Patient presents with GI symptoms, palpitations, wheezing and BP swings
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What is the malignancy most associated with carcinoid syndrome?
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GI tract
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What is the clinical presentation of hypertrichosis lanuginosa acquisita
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Excessive fine hair growth and glossitis
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What malignancies are associated with hypertrichosis lanuginosa acquista?
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Lung, breast, uterine, colorectal, lymphoma, bladder cancer
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What malignancy is associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus?
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lymphreticular malignancies (namely NH-lymphoma and leukemia)
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What is the pathophysiology of paraneoplastic pemphigus?
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Immune cross-recognition between tumor cells and mucosa cells at lamina propria
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What is the malignancy associated with planar and palmar xanthoma
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Multiple melanoma
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What is the malignancy associated with ectopic Cushing' syndrome
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small cell lung cancer, islet cell tumors, medullary carcinoma of thyroid
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What is the clinical presentation of Cushing's syndrome?
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Diffuse hyperpigmentation caused by secretion of ACTH broken down to melanocyte stimulating hormone
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When dexamethasome suppression used?
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Screening for cancer with Cushing's syndrome
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What are the vascular events associated with erythema?
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Blood vessels dilated (redness without epidermal change)
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What the vascular events associated with urticaria?
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Leaking intradermal proteinaceous fluid (but no epidermal change)
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What are the vascular events associated with erythema multiforme?
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In addition to urticaria, there are red cells leaking at vessel (purpura)
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What are the vascular events associated with erythema nodosum?
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Deeper bleeding and inflammation in blood vessels of adipose tissue
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What are the vascular events associated with vasculitis?
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Complete destruction of blood vessels
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What is the target for small vessel vasculitis?
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Post-capillary venule
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What is the target for large vessel vasculitis?
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Muscular artery infarct
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