Sports Midterm Chapter 5: Competition And Cooperation

Front 1

Competition

Back 1

o A Social Process that occurs when rewards are given to athletes based on their performance relative to other competitors
o Deutsch: “Competition is a situation in which rewards are distributed unequally”
o Martens: “Competition is a several-stage process that focuses on social evalutation"

Front 2

Cooperation

Back 2

o A social process through which performance is evaluated and rewarded in terms of the collective achievements of a group of people working together to reach a particular goal

Front 3

• Process of Competition: 4 Stages

Back 3

o Objective Competitive Situation
 Includes a standard for comparison and at least one other person
o Subjective Competitive situation
 Involves how the person perceives, accepts, and appraises the objective competitive situation
 Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ) measures the following
 Competitiveness
• Personality characteristic that best predicts how an athlete appraises the objective competitive situation
 Win orientation
• The focus is on interpersonal comparison
• More focused on winning (beating competitors) than actual performance
 Goal orientation
• The focus is on personal performance standards
o Response
 Who athletes prefer to play, heart beats faster, hands become clammy,
 Affected by
• motivation, confidence, perceived ability, weather, time, opponent ability
o Consequences
 Athlete’s perception is more important than objective outcome

Front 4

Positive Aspects of Competition

Back 4

o Increases health
o Builds healthy self esteem/confidence
o Having fun
o Be the best you can be

Front 5

Negative Aspects of Competition

Back 5

o Stress
o Injuries
o Pressure
o Hostility
 Athletes, parents, fans
o Burn out
o Unhealthy psychopathologies
 Eating disorder
 Depression