Sports Final: Chapter 23: Aggression In Sport

Front 1

Aggression

Back 1

o Behavior
o Physical or psychological harm/injury
o INTENDED
• Different from assertive behavior
o High intensity & emotion but NO INTENTION to harm
o Football example

Front 2

Types of Aggression

Back 2

• Instrumental Aggression
o To achieve a goal
• Hostile Aggression
o To cause harm/pain
not always clear cut distinction

Front 3

Theories of Aggression

Back 3

Instinct
Frustration & Revised Frustration - Aggression
Social Learning Theory
Biological Theories
Other environmental factors

Front 4

Instinct theory of aggression

Back 4

o Innate aggression instinct that must be expressed or displaced
o But little support for catharsis
 Let out the anger in a different way

Front 5

Frustration & Revised Frustration theory of aggression

Back 5

o Frustration increases likelihood
o Socially learned cues trigger aggressive behavior
o When fans trigger athletes frustration

Front 6

Social Learning Theory of Aggression

Back 6

o Original Bandura Bob doll studies
o Parents, coaches, other players model behavior
o In sports, may get away with aggression, so learn to use it

Front 7

Biological theories of aggression

Back 7

o Hereditary; Hockey study
o Chemical/hormones, brain based, drugs/alcohol;
 Alcohol Study
• Gave participants alcohol/marijuana/placebo
• Give participants option to shock competitor
• Participants on alcohol increased shock, marijuana decreased shock
o Mechanisms: modeling, deindividuation, desensitization, decreased activation in certain brain areas

Front 8

Environmental factor theory of aggression

Back 8

 Noise
 Temperature
 Crowding
 Losing by large margin or to opponent one’s outplaying
 Playing poorly

Front 9

Spectators and Aggression

Back 9

o Watching does not decrease aggression
o Aggression typically occurs when certain factors are present
 Younger fans, crowds, alcohol, rivalries, aggression by players (triggers)
 Noise, temperature

Front 10

Game Outcome Study

Back 10

 Interview fans before game
 Then interview again after their team wins, loses, ties
• How much are you planning to drink after the game?
 If team won or tied, fans more likely to engage in more aggressive activities
 If team lost, not necessarily
 If feeling aggressive, planned to drink a lot more
 Differs for sports with aggression vs. non-aggressive sports
• Fans more aggressive after hockey, wrestling
• Not more aggressive after swimming