Psychology Of Sport Exercise & Skill Acquisition

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Sport Psychology?

Back 1

A sport psychologist is “interested in helping every sport participant reach his or her potential as an athlete” (Cox, 2007, p.5)

Front 2

What do Sports psychologist do?

Back 2

A Sports psychologist is interested in helping every participant reach his or her potential as an athlete. Cox, 2007

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What does an Exercise Psychologist do?

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An exercise psychologist seeks to understand the effects of participating in physical activity. On psychological development, health, and well being

Front 4

Difference between sport psychology and exercise psychology?

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Sport psychologists focus mainly within the field of sports.

Exercise psychologists focus on overall health care for a range of people not just athletes.

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William James (1890) suggests?

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Psychology is the Science of Mental Life, both of its phenomena and of their conditions…The Phenomena are such things as we call feelings, desires, cognition, reasoning, decisions and the like”

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Sport & Exercise Psychology is, From Moran (2012)

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The application of psychological theory and methods to understand the performance, mental processes and well-being of people who are involved in sport and exercise.

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What is the role of a sport & Exercise Psychologists do?

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Teaching, Research, Consulting

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What is Personality?

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The sum of characteristics that make a person unique.Characteristics or consistent differences in behaviour. Gould (2015),

Denotes characteristics of consistent differences in behaviour. Gill and Williams (2008), Characteristics that are relatively stable and enduring.

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Psychodynamic Approach

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Psychodynamic approach to personality is characterised by two themes (Cox 1998), first: The ID is governed by the ‘pleasure principle’;The EGO is governed by the ‘reality principle’;The SUPEREGO is governed by the ‘morality’,

Second: Focuses on understanding the person as a whole rather than isolated traits or dispositions.

Focuses on understanding the person as a whole rather than isolated traits or dispositions.

Front 10

Stean and Stean (1998)

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Psychodynamic concepts can be used to explain athletic behaviour not just maladaptive functioning of athletes, but normally personality as well.

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Trait Theories

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Personality traits are endearing and consistent across a variety of situations and predispose a person to act in a certain way regardless of the situation or circumstance.

Front 12

Big Five personality viewpoints

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Psychodynamic, trait, situational, interactional, phenomenological

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Big Five Model

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Neuroticism vs stability High strung vs relaxed,Extroversion vs introversion Social vs retiring, talkative vs quiet, Open to experience daring vs adventurous vs conforming, Agreeable vs antagonism good natured vs irritable, flexible vs stubborn, conscientious vs undirectness hard working vs lazy, punctual vs lateMessi is more introvered than Neurotic, more agreeable than disagreeable Ronaldo is more extroverted Can performance be predicted by trait theories this is not always reliable because we are relying on given traits

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Trait Theories, some problems?

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Are traits consistent over time, Are those traits stable across situations, Do all competitive athletes possess similar traits

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Situational Theories?

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Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977), Human behaviour is a function of social learning and the strength of the situation. An individual behaves according to how she has learned to behave, as this is consistent with environmental constraints.

Do situations alone predict performance Is social learning theory a theory of personality or of learning, behaviour or motivation

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Situational some problems?

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Do situations alone predict performance is social learning theory a theory of personality or of learning? behaviour? or motivation?

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Interactional Theories

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Behaviour = function of the person and the environment. B=F(P,E)

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Interactional Theories

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A seemingly limitless number of outcomes, As researchers and sports analysts/psychologists we want to be able to explain or predict behaviour, we can't do that through interactional theories

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Phenomenological Theory/ Approach

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Like the interactional approach, it focuses on BOTH the situation / environment AND the traits / dispositions of the personBased on an INTERACTION of person & environmental factors; Proposes the individuals SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCES & personal views of the world are critical;Understanding the INDIVIDUAL & their interpretation of influencing factors is important.

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Personality structure

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RRB (Role related behaviour)= actions based on perception of the social situation & ones ‘role’ within it;Typical response - usual response in the world around us PC (psychological core) = the real you? Your attitudes, VALUES interests, motives & beliefs about self.

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Objective personality inventories

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Extrovertion (E) Introversion (I),Sensing (S) - Intuition (N),Thinking (T) - Feeling (F),Judging (J) - Perceiving (P),An ENFP may be very different from a ISTJ!

Like other ‘objective’ personality inventories, the MBTI is ‘trait’ based;