Sport Psych Final-Part I

Front 1

physiological mechanisms for how exercise reduces stress?

Back 1

1. Increased blood flow changes neurotransmission (serotonin, endorphins)
2. Increased oxygen to cerebral tissue
3. Decreased muscle tension

Front 2

psychological mechanisms for how exercise reduces stress?

Back 2

1. Time out from stress
2. Increased self-efficacy, confidence, self-esteem
3. Self control

Front 3

symptoms of exercise addition

Back 3

1. Life centered around exercise
2. Impairment of life functioning
3. Exercise 1x or more daily
4. Subjective awareness of compulsion

Front 4

prevention of exercise addiction

Back 4

1. Schedule rest days
2. Work with slower partner
3. Mix intensity and distance

Front 5

exercise stats for U.S. adults:

Back 5

1. 15% regular, vigorous exercise
2. 60% sedentary (no exercise)
3. 50% who begin exercise program drop out within 6 mos.
4. women<men; blacks and hispancis<whites; older<younger; lo income<hi income; less education<more education

Front 6

exercise stats for U.S. youth:

Back 6

1. 50% sedentary
2. Decreased physical activity by adolescence

Front 7

US Dept of Health and Human Services Goals

Back 7

90% youth and 60% adults in regular, vigorous activity by 2000

Front 8

benefits and reasons to exercise

Back 8

1. Weight control
2. Reduce risk of cardiovascular disease
3. Decrease stress and increase well-being

Front 9

excuses for not exercising

Back 9

1. Not enough time
2. Not enough motivation
3. Not enough energy

Front 10

Stages of change in the Transtheoretical Model for exercise behaviors

Back 10

1. Precontemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation
4. Action
5. Maintenance

Front 11

What are the two types of processes of change, and which one is used for what stages?

Back 11

Cognitive processes used more during preparation, and behavioral processes used more during action

Front 12

Strategies to enhance adherence to an exercise program

Back 12

1. Contracting: goals, dates, consequences
2. Make sure the participant has perceived choices
3. Self-monitoring (written records)

Front 13

Goals of a sports psych when dealing with athletic injuries

Back 13

1. Decrease incidence and risk of injuries
2. Assist with adjustment and return to play

Front 14

Factors associated with sports injuries

Back 14

1. Physical-inadequate conditioning
2. Situational-event importance
3. Personality-low self-esteem
4. Stress-major life changes

Front 15

explanation for stress-injury relationship

Back 15

1. Disrupted attention
2. Increased muscle tension, and coordination loss

Front 16

What are the two stage models of the psychological reaction to injury?

Back 16

1. Grief Model-denial, anger, bargaining...
2. Coping Model-highly attentive to info regarding injury, emotional response, positive attitude

Front 17

What are some primary psychological reactions to injury?

Back 17

Anxiety-medical uncertainty, fear of re-injury
Depression-hopelessness, identity loss

Front 18

What are some general goals in helping the injured athlete?

Back 18

1. Facilitate adherence to rehabilitation
2. Reduce psychological distress

Front 19

What are some specific goals in helping the injured athlete?

Back 19

1. Increase confidence
2. Increase and sustain motivation

Front 20

Two types of pain

Back 20

performance pain v. injury pain

Front 21

what are two physiological techniques for pain reduction?

Back 21

1. Breathing
2. Muscle relaxation

Front 22

What are the two perceptual/interpretational techniques for pain reduction?

Back 22

Dissociative: distraction, external focus
Associative: reinterpretation, cognitive restructuring