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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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types of goals: subjective goals
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general statements of intent such as having fun or doing your best
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types of goals: objective goals (scientific definition)
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attaining a specific standard of proficiency on a task, usually in a specified time
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types of goals: outcome goals
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focus on a competitive result of an event, can facilitate short-term motivation but often lead to anxiety before and during competition
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types of goals: performance goals
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focus on achieving standards of performance independently of other competitors, too much focus on a specific performance goal can create anxiety
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types of goals: process goals
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focus on the actions an individual must engage in during performance to perform well, have all the advantages of performance goals
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top three goals for athletes
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improving performance, winning, enjoyment
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goal-setting works because...
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goals direct attention to the important elements of the skill, mobilize performers' efforts, prolong performers' persistence, and foster the development of new learning strategies
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goals influence performance directly by affecting these psychological factors (3):
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anxiety, confidence, and satisfaction
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individuals who set ____ and ____ goals have less anxiety and more confidence and satisfaction
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performance and process
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11 principles of goal-setting: 1-4
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1. set specific goals, 2. set moderately difficult but realistic goals, 3. set long- and short-term goals, 4. set performance and process goals as well as outcome goals
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11 principles of goal-setting: 5-8
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5. set practice and competition goals, 6. record goals, 7. develop goal achievement strategies, 8. consider participants' personalities and motivations
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11 principles of goal-setting: 9-11
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9. foster an individual's goal committment, 10. provide goal support, 11. provide evaluation of and feedback about goals
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the hope-based power 4w goal-setting system: wish power
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identifying dream goals
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the hope-based power 4w goal-setting system: want power
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setting realistic short- and long-term goals that, when accomplished, lead to one's dream goal
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the hope-based power 4w goal-setting system: way power
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developing multiple plans, paths and strategies for achieving one's goals
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the hope-based power 4w goal-setting system: will power
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finding the determination, committment, and discipline required to consistently work toward one's goals and ways to overcome obstacles
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SMARTS goals
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Specific, Measurable, Action oriented, Realistic, Timely, Self-determined
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common problems in goal-setting
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convincing students, athletes and exercisers to set goals; failing to set specific goals; setting too many goals too soon; failing to adjust goals; failure to recognize individual differences; not providing goal follow-up and evaluation
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