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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the Mechanical and Physiological functions of bone? |
Mechanical = structural & protective Physiological = Ca2+ regulation, Blood cell production in bone marrow. |
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Organic (35%) and inorganic (65%) make up bone but what is each component made up of? |
organic = Cells (osteoblasts, lining cells, osteocytes and osteoclasts) Matrix ( mostly type 1 collagen) Inorganic = Mineral content (hydroxyapatite - makes the bone strong) |
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Long bone consists of....? |
Diaphysis (shaft) 2 Epiphyses |
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What are the two different types of bone? |
1. Cortical or Compact
2. Cancelous, spongy or trabecular |
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Cortical or compact bone makes up the external region of bone, what are its functions? |
80% of bone mass External surfaces of bone Walls of Diaphysis (shafts) Principally mechanical function |
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Cancellous or trabecular bone makes up the internal region of bone, what are its functions? |
- 20% of bone mass - Lattice of fine body plates - Epiphyses of long bones, vertebral bodies & flat bones - Intercommunicating spaces in mesh filled with bone marrow - Reduces skeletal mass without comprising strength |
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What are the material properties of bone? |
Properties are independent of specimen. i.e. stress at which a sample of cortical bone breaks under compression. |
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What are the structural properties of bone? |
Properties are independent of specimen. i.e. breaking force for tibia. Compression / tension |
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What is included in the longitudinal growth process? |
Endochnodral ossification Primary ossification centre Secondary ossification centre (epiphyseal plates) Ceases when secondary growth plates fuse at adulthood |
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What is included in the circumferential growth process? |
Diameter increases throughout lifespan rapid prior to adulthood then very slow |
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What is included in the skeletal process of bone repair? |
Haemotoma leads to clot formation Cartilage fills gap which is ossified to form new woven bone (callous) Callous then remodels over time |
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What is included in the skeletal process of bone remodelling? |
Bone mass is maintained, increased & decreased Continuous repair of micro-damage Ensures bone is fit for purpose Functional adaptation |
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Micro-damage and sensory feedback from bone initiate the remodelling process. What 2 cells are involved in the remodelling process? |
Osteoclasts = bone resorption Osteoblasts = bone formation |
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Why does bone fracture occur? |
If the stress of the bone exceeds the strength of the material. Can be through; - excessive forces - weak material - cumulative damage due to repetitive loading |
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What are the 8 types of Fracture? |
1. Complete or Incomplete 2. Transverse 3. Spiral 4. Comminuated 5. Avulsed 6. Impacted 7. Greenstick 8.Compression |
