Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Systems used for production of speech sounds:
|
Respiration
Phonation Resonation Articulation |
|
|
4 aspects of language definition
|
Shared code
Arbitrary symbols Representing concepts Rule-governed combinations |
|
|
5 components of language
|
Syntax
Semantics Phonology Morphology Pragmatics |
|
|
Morpheme
|
Smallest grammatical unit: Free or Bound (Derivational or Inflectional)
|
|
|
Phoneme
|
smallest linguistic unit of sound that can signal a difference in meaning (speech sounds and the shape of syllables). Defined by 1) place 2) manner, 3) acoustic properties
|
|
|
Phonology
|
Rules that govern how sounds are combined,
|
|
|
Pragmatics
|
Rules that govern language use in social situations.
|
|
|
Language theory: Generative/Nativist
|
Innate rules or principles related to the structure of language.
LAD |
|
|
Language theory:
Constructionist |
Learned from exposure/input, general cognitive processes-not specific to language
|
|
|
Language theory:
Middle ground |
Transactional process of learning, for communication, structure emerges from use
|
|
|
Emergentism
|
Humans possess innate cognitive abilities that allow us to use language, in particular, patterned behavior.
Language emerges from the interaction of our cognitive processes and our environment |
|
|
3 Major Divisions of Brain
|
Brainstem
Cerebellum Cerebrum |
|
|
4 lobes of cerebrum
|
Frontal: motor planning/cognition/emotions
Parietal: integrating sensory info Temporal: auditory perception/receptive language(left) Occipital: vision |
|
|
Structure of cerebrum
|
Grey matter (neurons)
Whitematter (myelinated axons) |
|
|
Fiber tracts and surfaces important for SPLA
|
Corpus callosum (connects hemispheres)
Arcuate fasciculus (connects Broca's and Wernicke's areas) |
|
|
Structure of Brain surface
|
Sulci/Fissures
Gyri |
|
|
Characteristics of left hemisphere:
|
(step-by-step, linear)
Language for 98% of folks Oral movements reading Writing Listening |
|
|
Characteristics of right hemisphere:
|
(holistic)
Pragmatics Paralinguistics Nonlinguistics Affect Visual processing |
|
|
Language Comprehension
|
a. Auditory signal from ear to Heschl’s area
b, Written information from eye to visual cortex c. Info primarily processed in Wernicke’s area - w/ input from the rt hemisphere - support from Broca’s area |
|
|
Language Production
|
Generate idea in frontal lobe
a. Wernicke’s area to formulation b. Broca’s area for refining via c. arcuate fasciculus (exner’s for writing) |
|
|
Executive Function (5)
|
Attention, Discrimination, Organization, Memory, Problem solving/transfer,
|
